Chứng minh rằng
a. \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
b.\(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\)
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Ta có \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)
Áp dụng bđt cosi ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{b+1}{12}+\frac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{12.18}}=\frac{a}{2}\)
Làm tương tự
=>\(VT+\left(\frac{a+1}{12}+\frac{a+2}{18}\right)+\left(\frac{b+1}{12}+\frac{b+2}{18}\right)+\left(\frac{c+1}{12}+\frac{c+2}{18}\right)\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
=> \(VT\ge\frac{13}{36}.\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{7}{12}\ge\frac{13}{36}.3-\frac{7}{12}=\frac{1}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
\(VT=\sqrt{\left(2+2a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\sqrt{\left[a^2-2a+1+a^2+2a+1\right]\left[b^2+2bc+c^2+b^2c^2-2bc+1\right]}\)
\(VT=\sqrt{\left[\left(1-a\right)^2+\left(a+1\right)^2\right]\left[\left(bc-1\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right]}\)
Bunhiacopxki:
\(VT\ge\left(1-a\right)\left(bc-1\right)+\left(a+1\right)\left(b+c\right)=\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)-2\left(1+abc\right)\)
2) Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet, trong ba số \(a^2-1;b^2-1;c^2-1\) có ít nhất hai số nằm cùng phía với 1.
Giả sử đó là a2 - 1 và b2 - 1. Khi đó \(\left(a^2-1\right)\left(b^2-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2-a^2-b^2+1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+3a^2+3b^2+9\ge4a^2+4b^2+8\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)\ge4\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\) (2)
Mà \(4\left[\left(a^2+b^2+1+1\right)\left(1+1+c^2+1\right)\right]\ge4\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (3)(Áp dụng Bunhicopxki và cái ngoặc vuông)
Từ (2) và (3) ta có đpcm.
Sai thì chịu
Xí quên bài 2 b:v
b) Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(a^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(b^2-\frac{1}{4}\right)\ge0\)
Suy ra \(a^2b^2-\frac{1}{4}a^2-\frac{1}{4}b^2+\frac{1}{16}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\frac{5}{4}a^2+\frac{5}{4}b^2+\frac{15}{16}\)
Hay \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
Suy ra \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+c^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{1}{2}b+\frac{1}{2}c+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{5}{16}\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2\) (Bunhiacopxki) (đpcm)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\dfrac{b+1}{12}+\dfrac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}{216\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\dfrac{c+1}{12}+\dfrac{a+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{b}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{a+1}{12}+\dfrac{b+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{5}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{13}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{13}{36}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(a^3+1=(a+1)(a^2-a+1)\leq \left(\frac{a+1+a^2-a+1}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{a^2+2}{2}\right)^2\)
\(b^3+1\leq \left(\frac{b^2+2}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{(a^3+1)(b^3+1)}\leq \frac{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^2}{\sqrt{(a^3+1)(b^3+1)}}\geq \frac{4a^2}{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \underbrace{\frac{4a^2}{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)}+\frac{4b^2}{(b^2+2)(c^2+2)}+\frac{4c^2}{(c^2+2)(a^2+2)}}_{M}\)
Ta cần CM \(M\geq \frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a^2(c^2+2)+b^2(a^2+2)+c^2(b^2+2)}{(a^2+2)(b^2+2)(c^2+2)}\geq \frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+6(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (a^2+2)(b^2+2)(c^2+2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+6(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq (abc)^2+2(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)+4(a^2+b^2+c^2)+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 72\)
Điều này luôn đúng do theo BĐT AM-GM thì: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq 3\sqrt[3]{(abc)^4}=3\sqrt[3]{8^4}=48\\ 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 6\sqrt[3]{(abc)^2}=6\sqrt[3]{8^2}=24\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$
d/ Đặt \(x=a+b\) , \(y=b+c\) , \(z=c+a\)
thì : \(a=\frac{x+z-y}{2}\) ; \(b=\frac{x+y-z}{2}\) ; \(c=\frac{y+z-x}{2}\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{\frac{x+z-y}{2}}{y}+\frac{\frac{x+y-z}{2}}{z}+\frac{\frac{y+z-x}{2}}{x}\)
\(=\frac{z+x-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}+\frac{y+z-x}{2x}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}-3\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{z}\right)-\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{1}{2}.6-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
b/ \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)\ge6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2b^2-2abc+c^2\right)+\left(b^2c^2-2abc+a^2\right)+\left(c^2a^2-2abc+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-c\right)^2+\left(bc-a\right)^2+\left(ca-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy bđt ban đầu dc chứng minh.
\(VT=\frac{\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{2abc}+\Sigma\frac{a^2}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{\Sigma a^2\left(b+c\right)+2abc}=\frac{\left(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}+\dfrac{b+2}{36}+\dfrac{c+3}{48}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}{1728\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{4}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+3\right)}+\dfrac{c+2}{36}+\dfrac{a+3}{48}\ge\dfrac{b}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+3\right)}+\dfrac{a+2}{36}+\dfrac{b+3}{48}\ge\dfrac{c}{4}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P+\dfrac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{144}+\dfrac{17}{48}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{29}{144}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{17}{48}\ge\dfrac{29}{144}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{17}{48}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
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