Chứng minh rằng:
\(a^n+b^n=c^n\), với a,b,c vô nghiệm khi \(n\ge3\)
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tuong tự [Toán 11] Tính giá trị của biểu thức | HOCMAI Forum - Cộng đồng học sinh Việt Nam
Áp dụng \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\) và \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(N\ge\dfrac{a^2b}{c}+\dfrac{b^2c}{a}+\dfrac{c^2a}{b}\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}+b\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a}}+c\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}\right)^2=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Giả sử điều cần c/m là đúng
Ta có : \(a+b+c\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}{a+b+c}\) ( do \(a+b+c=abc\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+ac+bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2ac+2bc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( điều này luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrow\) Điều giả sử là đúng
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: \(VT=\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\left(c^2-bc+b^2\right)}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\left[\left(a-\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3b^2}{4}\right]\left[\left(c-\frac{b}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3b^2}{4}\right]}}\)
\(\ge\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left[\Sigma_{cyc}\left(a-\frac{b}{2}\right)\left(c-\frac{b}{2}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\right]}\) (áp dụng bđt Bunyakovski)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{5}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=3^{\left(đpcm\right)}\)
Is that true?
Mà hình như anh DƯƠNG lộn dấu khúc đầu thì phải ạ?
Bài giải của DƯƠNG bị ngược dấu trong đánh giá cuối nên coi như sai cả bài.
Cách tiếp cận nhẹ nhàng hơn:
Ta thấy:
\(a^2-ab+b^2=\frac{1}{4}(a^2+2ab+b^2)+\frac{3}{4}(a^2-2ab+b^2)\)
\(=\frac{1}{4}(a+b)^2+\frac{3}{4}(a-b)^2\geq \frac{1}{4}(a+b)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\geq \frac{a+b}{2}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\geq \frac{b+c}{2}; \sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\geq \frac{c+a}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên thu được:
\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\geq a+b+c=3\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Xét: \(\frac{a+3}{3a+bc}+\frac{b+3}{3b+ca}+\frac{c+3}{3c+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c}{\left(a+b+c\right)a+bc}+\frac{a+2b+c}{\left(a+b+c\right)b+ca}+\frac{a+b+2c}{\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c}{a^2+ab+ca+bc}+\frac{a+2b+c}{ab+b^2+bc+ca}+\frac{a+b+2c}{ac+bc+c^2+ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c}{a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a+2b+c}{b\left(b+a\right)+c\left(b+a\right)}+\frac{a+b+2c}{c\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2a+b+c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+2b+c}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a+b+2c}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\le\left(\frac{2a+b+c}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}{4}\\\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\le\left(\frac{a+2b+c}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(a+2b+c\right)^2}{4}\\\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\le\left(\frac{a+b+2c}{2}\right)^2=\frac{\left(a+b+2c\right)^2}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{2a+b+c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(2a+b+c\right)}{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{4}{2a+b+c}\\\frac{a+2b+c}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a+2b+c\right)}{\left(a+2b+c\right)^2}=\frac{4}{a+2b+c}\\\frac{a+b+2c}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+2c\right)}{\left(a+b+2c\right)^2}=\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{4}{2a+b+c}+\frac{4}{a+2b+c}+\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\)
Xét: \(\frac{4}{2a+b+c}+\frac{4}{a+2b+c}+\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4}{2a+b+c}+\frac{4}{a+2b+c}+\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\ge\frac{\left(2+2+2\right)^2}{2a+b+c+a+2b+c+a+b+2c}=\frac{36}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{36}{12}=3\)
Mà \(VT\ge\frac{4}{2a+b+c}+\frac{4}{a+2b+c}+\frac{4}{a+b+2c}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+3}{3a+bc}+\frac{b+3}{3b+ca}+\frac{c+3}{3c+ab}\ge3\) ( đpcm )
Ta có:
\(3a+bc=(a+b+c)a+bc=(a+c)(a+b)\)
\(\Rightarrow \sum \frac{a+3}{3a+bc}\)\(= \sum \frac{(a+c)+(a+b)}{(a+c)(a+b)}=2 \sum \frac{1}{a+b}\geq 2.\frac{9}{2(a+b+c)}=3\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge3\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(c+ab\right)\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ac\right)}}\)
Chứng minh \(3\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(c+ab\right)\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ac\right)}}\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(c+ab\right)\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ac\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left(c+ab\right)\left(a+bc\right)\le\dfrac{\left(c+a+ab+bc\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left[b\left(a+c\right)+c+a\right]^2}{4}=\dfrac{\left(b+1\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}{4}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có
\(\Rightarrow\left(c+ab\right)^2\left(a+bc\right)^2\left(b+ac\right)^2\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)^2\left(a+1\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^2}{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow64\left(c+ab\right)^2\left(a+bc\right)^2\left(b+ac\right)^2\le\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)^2\left(c+1\right)^2\left(a+1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\left(c+ab\right)\left(a+bc\right)\left(b+ac\right)\le\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)\)
Cần chứng minh rằng \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\le8\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy \(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\le\left(\dfrac{3+3}{3}\right)^3=8\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Sai đề nha.
\(0^n+0^n=0^n\)