Chứng minh rằng với mọi số dương x,y ta có : \(\dfrac{x}{y} +\dfrac{y}{x} >hoặc = \dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{y}} + \dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}} \)
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Ta có :VT-VP=
\(\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}-\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}-\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}}\right)\)\(=\dfrac{x-y}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{y-z}{\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{z-x}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}\right)}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}\)\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=VP\)
Vậy ...
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\sqrt{xy}=\frac{x^3+y^3}{2xy}+\frac{x^3+y^3}{2xy}+\sqrt{xy}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{(x^3+y^3)^2}{4xy\sqrt{xy}}}\)
Bằng BĐT AM-GM, dễ thấy:
\(x^3+y^3\geq \frac{1}{2}(x+y)(x^2+y^2)\geq \sqrt{xy}(x^2+y^2)\)
\(\Rightarrow (x^3+y^3)^2\geq xy(x^2+y^2)^2=xy\sqrt{x^2+y^2}.\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)^3}\geq xy\sqrt{2xy}\sqrt{(x^2+y^2)^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x^2}{y}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\sqrt{xy}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\sqrt{2}(x^2+y^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}}{4}}=3\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y$
a.
\(\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}=\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}}=\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}}\le\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x+yz}}\le\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{y}{y+\sqrt{3y+xz}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\) ; \(\dfrac{z}{z+\sqrt{3z+xy}}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
b.
\(VP=\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{2\sqrt{4a\left(a+3b\right)}+2\sqrt{4b\left(b+3c\right)}+2\sqrt{4c\left(c+3a\right)}}\)
\(VP\ge\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{4a+a+3b+4b+b+3c+4c+c+3a}\)
\(VP\ge\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{8\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(GT\Leftrightarrow xy=2\left(x+y\right)\ge4\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow4\le\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=4\)
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si vào 2 số dương có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\ge4\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{xy}}=2\sqrt{4}=4\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=4\)
`1/x+1/y>=2/(\sqrt{xy})`
`<=>1/2>=2/(\sqrt{xy})`
`<=>\sqrt{xy}>=4`
`=>\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}>=2.2=4`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=y=4`
Ta có:
\(VT=\frac{x}{y}+1+\frac{y}{x}+1-2\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}}+2\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}-2\ge\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}+2\sqrt{\sqrt{\frac{x}{y}}.\sqrt{\frac{y}{x}}}-2=VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y\)