Cho m gam hh Na,Mg,Be td hết vs dd H2SO4 loãng dư thì thu dc 42,7g hh muối và 7,84 lít H2. Giá trị m là
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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,1<-----------------------------------0,15
Cu + 2H2SO4 ---> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,1<--------------------------------0,1
=> m = (56 + 64).0,1 = 12 (g)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)
_______a--------------->a_________(mol)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
_b----------------->b______________(mol)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
_c------------------>c______________(mol)
=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
1)
nNO3(-) trong muối = nNO2 + 3nNO + 8nN2O + 10nN2 = x + 3y + 8z + 10t
m muối = m kim loại + mNO3(-) = a + 62.(x + 3y + 8z + 10t)
vậy chọn đáp án A
2)
nNO3(-) trong muối = 62g => nNO3(-) = 1mol
2Cu(NO3)2 => 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
4Fe(NO3)3 => 2Fe2O3 + 12NO2 + 3O2
Zn(NO3)2 => 2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2
nNO2 = nNO3(-) = 1 mol
nO2 = nNO2/4 = 1/4 = 0,25mol
=> m chất rắn = m + 62 - 46 - 32.0,25 = m + 8
vậy chọn đáp án A
Y tác dụng NaOH cho khí hydrogen nên Y có Al dư.
\(2Al+Fe_2O_3-t^0>Al_2O_3+2Fe\\ Y:Al_{dư}\left(a\left(mol\right)\right),Fe\left(2b\left(mol\right)\right),Al_2O_3\left(b\left(mol\right)\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}a+2b=0,4\\ n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2mol=a\\ b=0,05mol\\ BTKL:m=27a+56\cdot2b+102b=16,1g\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{hhkhí\left(H_2,CO_2\right)}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSO4 + H2
a a a
MgCO3 + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O
b b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\161a+84b=28,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84-8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{6,5+8,4}=43,62\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-43,62\%=56,38\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2Na + H2SO4 ---> Na2SO4 + H2
0,03 0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=7,26-0,015.142=5,13\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{5,13}{342}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
0,015 0,015
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Na}=0,03.23=0,69\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,015.102=1,53\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,69}{0,69+1,53}=31,08\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=100\%-31,08\%=68,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Thiếu \(d_{H_2SO_4}\)
$m_{H_2SO_4} = a.C\%(gam) \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{a.C\%}{98}$
$m_{H_2O\ trong\ dd\ axit} = a - a.C\% \Rightarrow n_{H_2O} = \dfrac{a - a.C\%}{18}$
$2Na + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + H_2$
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = n_{H_2SO_4} + \dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2O}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{0,05a}{2} = \dfrac{a.C\%}{98} + \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{a - a.C\%}{18}$
$\Rightarrow C\% = 0,158 = 15,8\%$
Phản ứng xảy ra:
\(hh_{kim.loai}+H_2SO_4\rightarrow muoi+H_2\)
Ta có:
\(n_{H2}=\frac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)=n_{H2SO4}\) (bảo toàn hidro)
BTKL; \(m_{hh\left(kim.loai\right)}+m_{H2SO4}=m_{muoi}+m_{H2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m+0,35.98=42,7+0,35.2\)
\(\Rightarrow m=8,9\left(g\right)\)