Giải các phương trình sau :
a, x3 - 5x2 + 8x - 4 = 0
b, x4 - 4x2 + 12x - 9 = 0
c, ( x + 1 ) . ( x + 2 ) . ( x + 3 ) . ( x + 4 ) = 24
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a) Cách 1: Khai triển HĐT rút gọn được 3 x 2 + 6x + 7 = 0
Vì (3( x 2 + 2x + 1) + 4 < 0 với mọi x nên giải được x ∈ ∅
Cách 2. Chuyển vế đưa về ( x + 3 ) 3 = ( x - 1 ) 3 Û x + 3 = x - 1
Từ đó tìm được x ∈ ∅
b) Đặt x 2 = t với t ≥ 0 ta được t 2 + t - 2 = 0
Giải ra ta được t = 1 (TM) hoặc t = -2 (KTM)
Từ đó tìm được x = ± 1
c) Biến đổi được
d) Biến đổi về dạng x(x - 2) (x - 4) = 0. Tìm được x ∈ {0; 2; 4}
a) Phương trình 4 x 2 + 2 x − 5 = 0
Có a = 4; b = 2; c = -5, a.c < 0
⇒ Phương trình có hai nghiệm x 1 ; x 2
Theo hệ thức Vi-et ta có:
b) Phương trình . 9 x 2 − 12 x + 4 = 0
Có a = 9; b' = -6; c = 4 ⇒ Δ 2 = ( - 6 ) 2 - 4 . 9 = 0
⇒ Phương trình có nghiệm kép x 1 = x 2 .
Theo hệ thức Vi-et ta có:
c) Phương trình 5 x 2 + x + 2 = 0
Có a = 5; b = 1; c = 2 ⇒ Δ = 1 2 − 4.2.5 = − 39 < 0
⇒ Phương trình vô nghiệm.
d) Phương trình 159 x 2 − 2 x − 1 = 0
Có a = 159; b = -2; c = -1; a.c < 0
⇒ Phương trình có hai nghiệm phân biệt x 1 ; x 2 .
Theo hệ thức Vi-et ta có:
a, \(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)-\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\left(9x^2-4\right)-\left(\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(9x^2-4-\left(3x^2-x-2\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(9x^2-4-3x^2+x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(3x^2+x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)=0;3x^2+x-2=0\)
=> x=-1
với \(3x^2+x-2=0\)
ta sử dụng công thức bậc 2 suy ra : \(x=\dfrac{2}{3};x=-1\)
Vậy ghiệm của pt trên \(S\in\left\{-1;\dfrac{2}{3}\right\}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-1+x^2=x+3-x^2-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x=-x^2-2x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2=3\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x-3-x^2-3x+10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(-5x+7\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;-2;\dfrac{7}{5}\right\}\)
1: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(5x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(-4x+1\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{3;\dfrac{1}{4}\right\}\)
2: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x+16\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1-x^2+2x-16\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(3x-15\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;5\right\}\)
3: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(4x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;\dfrac{1}{2};-\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
4: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+4\right)-9\left(x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{-4;3;-3\right\}\)
5: \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+5=x-1\\3x+5=1-x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=-6\\4x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
6: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(6x+3\right)^2-\left(2x-10\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6x+3-2x+10\right)\left(6x+3+2x-10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x+13\right)\left(8x-7\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{-\dfrac{13}{4};\dfrac{7}{8}\right\}\)
1.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(5x-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+3=5x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x=5\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
2.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-2x+16\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1=x^2-2x+16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=15\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
3.
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(4x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=\dfrac{1}{2};x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
1.
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-3x+2\right)-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)+3x\left(x+1\right)-3x\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x^2+2\right)+6x^2-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+3x^2+2x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+4x+6\right)=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
b/ Nhận thấy \(x=0\) ko phải nghiệm, chia 2 vế cho \(x^2\)
\(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+3\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)+4=0\)
Đặt \(x+\frac{1}{x}=t\Rightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=t^2-2\)
\(t^2-2+3t+4=0\Rightarrow t^2+3t+2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\\t=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=-1\\x+\frac{1}{x}=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+1=0\left(vn\right)\\x^2+2x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=-1\)
1c/
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5+x^4-2x^4-2x^3+5x^3+5x^2-2x^2-2x+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4\left(x+1\right)-2x^3\left(x+1\right)+5x^2\left(x+1\right)-2x\left(x+1\right)+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^4-2x^3+5x^2-2x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x^4-2x^3+5x^2-2x+1=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^4-2x^3+x^2+x^2-2x+1+3x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+3x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x=0\\x-1=0\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) không tồn tại x thỏa mãn
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=-1\)
\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(3x-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^3=0\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\\ c,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x-3x-3\right)\left(4x+3x+3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(7x+3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-\dfrac{3}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\\ d,\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Ta có : \(x^3-5x^2+8x-4=0\)
=> \(x^3-x^2-4x^2+4x+4x-4=0\)
=> \(x^2\left(x-1\right)-4x\left(x-1\right)+4\left(x-1\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có : \(x^4-4x^2+12x-9=0\)
=> \(x^4-x^3+x^3-x^2-3x^2+3x+9x-9=0\)
=> \(x^3\left(x-1\right)+x^2\left(x-1\right)-3x\left(x-1\right)+9\left(x-1\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+3x^2-2x^2-6x+3x+9\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2\left(x+3\right)-2x\left(x+3\right)+3\left(x+3\right)\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-2x+3\right)=0\)
Mà \(x^2-2x+3=\left(x-1\right)^2+2>0\)
=> \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Ta có : \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)-24=0\)
=> \(\left(x^2+x+4x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+3x+6\right)-24=0\)
Đặt \(x^2+5x=a\) ta được phương trình :\(\left(a+4\right)\left(a+6\right)-24=0\)
=> \(a^2+4a+6a+24-24=0\)
=> \(a\left(a+10\right)=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=0\\a+10=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Thay lại \(x^2+5x=a\) vào phương tình ta được :\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+5x=0\\x^2+5x+10=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\left(x+5\right)=0\\\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{15}{4}=0\left(VL\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
( tự kết luận dùm mình nha )
a/ \(x^3-4x^2+4x-x^2+4x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^4+2x^3-3x^2-2x^3-4x^2+6x+3x^2+6x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2+2x-3\right)-2x\left(x^2+2x-3\right)+3\left(x^2+2x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2x-3\right)\left(x^2-2x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)-24=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+5x+4\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)-24=0\)
Đặt \(x^2+5x+4=t\)
\(t\left(t+2\right)-24=0\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t-24=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=4\\t=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+5x+4=4\\x^2+5x+4=-6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+5x=0\\x^2+5x+10=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)