cho sơ đồ sau naoh + fecl3 -> fe(oh)3 + nacl . biết có 10g naoh đã phản ứng a, tính khối lượng Fecl3 đã dùng b, tính khối lượng fe(oh)3 thu được c. tính khối lượng nacl tạo thành
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PTHH: \(3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow3NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{FeCl_3}=n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{12}\cdot162,5\approx13,54\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{12}\cdot107\approx8,92\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nNaOH = m/M = 10/(23 +16 + 1) = 0,25 (mol)
Ta có PTHH: 3NaOH + FeCl3 ------> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Theo PT: 3 - 1 - 1 (mol)
BC: 0.25 - 0.083 - 0.083 (mol)
Suy ra: mFeCl3 = n x M = 0.083 x (56 + 35,5 x 3) = 13,4875 (g)
mFe(OH)3 = n x M = 0,083 x (56+17 x 3) = 8,881 (g)
a)
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$n_{Fe} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{Fe} = 0,15.56 = 8,4(gam)$
b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{HCl} = 0,3.36,5 = 10,95(gam)$
c)
Cách 1 : $n_{FeCl_2} = n_{H_2} = 0,15(mol) \Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2} = 0,15.127 = 19,05(gam)$
Cách 2 : Bảo toàn khối lượng, $m_{FeCl_2} = 8,4 + 10,95 - 0,15.2 = 19,05(gam)$
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=1,5.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{HCl}=0,15.36,5=5,475\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{NaCl}=58,5.0,15=8,775\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)
\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5.6}{56}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+\dfrac{3}{2}Cl_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}FeCl_3\)
\(0.1.......0.15..........0.1\)
\(V_{Cl_2}=0.15\cdot22.4=3.36\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{FeCl_3}=0.1\cdot162.5=16.25\left(g\right)\)
a) nNaOH= 6/40=0,15(mol)
nFeCl3=32,5/162,5= 0,2(mol)
PTHH: 3 NaOH + FeCl3 -> Fe(OH)3 + 3 NaCl
0,15________0,05____0,05________0,15(mol)
Ta có: 0,2/1 > 0,15/3
=> NaOH hết, FeCl3 dư
=> nFeCl3(dư)= 0,2-0,05=0,15(mol)
=> mFeCl3= 162,5.0,15=24,375(g)
b)m(kết tủa)= mFe(OH)3= 0,05.107= 5,35(g)
a) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3-^{t^o}\rightarrow Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow CuO+H_2O\)
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol Fe(OH)3 và Cu(OH)2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}107x+98y=20,5\\160.\dfrac{x}{2}+80y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x= 0,1 ; y=0,1
=> \(\%m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.107}{20,5}.100=52,2\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=47,8\%\)
b) \(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.\dfrac{3}{2}+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=20,5+122,5=143\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.400}{143}.100=13,97\%\)
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.160}{143}.100=11,19\%\)
c) \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05.3+0,1=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.98}{20\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=122,5.110\%=134,75\left(g\right)\)
số mol NaOH là:\(n_{NaOH}=\frac{10}{23+16+1}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH\(3NaOH+FeCl_3\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3NaCl\)
\(m_{FeCl_3}=n.M=\frac{0.25}{3}\cdot\left(56+35,5\cdot3\right)\approx13,54\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n.M=\frac{0.25}{3}\cdot\left(56+\left(16+1\right)\cdot3\right)\approx8,91\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaCl}=n.M=0.25\cdot\left(23+35.5\right)=14.625\left(g\right)\)