Cho 3 số a,b,c dương thỏa mãn \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le1\)
Tìm GTNN của \(A=\frac{1}{4a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+4b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+4c}\)
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Dự đoán điểm rơi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Khi đó:
\(S=a+b+c+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
\(=\left(a+b+c+\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{9b}+\frac{1}{9c}\right)+8\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{9b}+\frac{1}{9c}\right)\)
\(\ge6\sqrt[6]{a\cdot b\cdot c\cdot\frac{1}{9a}\cdot\frac{1}{9b}\cdot\frac{1}{9c}}+24\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{9a}\cdot\frac{1}{9b}\cdot\frac{1}{9c}}\)
\(=2+\frac{8}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge2+\frac{8}{3}\cdot\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c}{3}}\ge10\)
Mù mắt với AM-GM cho 10 số:v
\(S=\left(a+b+c\right)+9\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{9b}+\frac{1}{9c}\right)\)\(\ge10\sqrt[10]{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{9a}+\frac{1}{9b}+\frac{1}{9c}\right)^9}\)\(\ge10\sqrt[10]{\left(3\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)\left[3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{9^3abc}}\right]^9}=10\sqrt[10]{\left(3\sqrt[3]{abc}\right).\left[3^9\left(\frac{1}{9^3abc}\right)^3\right]}\)
\(=10\sqrt[10]{3^{10}.\frac{\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\left(3^6abc\right)^3}}=10\sqrt[10]{\frac{1}{3^8\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^8}}}\ge10\sqrt[10]{\frac{1}{3^8\sqrt[3]{\left[\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{27}\right]^8}}}\ge10\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy.....
Từ giả thiết và BĐT AM-GM suy ra:\(\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\)\(\ge\)3
Ta có:
P\(\ge\)\(\frac{2a^3}{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{2b^3}{3\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{2c^3}{3\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)
=\(\frac{2}{3}\)(\(\frac{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)-ab^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{b\left(c^2+b^2\right)-bc^2}{\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)+\(\frac{a\left(a^2+c^2\right)-ca^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\))
=\(\frac{2}{3}\)(a+b+c-\(\frac{ab^2}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)-\(\frac{bc^2}{\left(c^2+b^2\right)}\)-\(\frac{ca^2}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\))
\(\ge\)\(\frac{2}{3}\)(a+b+c-\(\frac{a}{2}\)-\(\frac{b}{2}\)-\(\frac{c}{2}\))
=\(\frac{2}{3}\).\(\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)=\(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)=\(\frac{\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+1\right)+\left(c+1\right)}{3}\)-1
\(\ge\)\(\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}{3}\)-1\(\ge\)2
Vậy:MinP=2 khi a=b=c=2
cách này dễ hiểu hơn nè :
Áp dụng BĐT : \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Ta có : \(1\ge\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c+3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c+3\ge9\)\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge6\)
\(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)-ab^2-a^2b}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2+a^2b}{a^2+ab+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3ab}=a-\frac{a+b}{3}\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}\ge b-\frac{b+c}{3}\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\ge c-\frac{a+c}{3}\)
Cộng cả 3 vế , ta được : \(P\ge a+b+c-\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{1}{3}.6=2\)
Vậy GTNN của P là 2 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{b+1}{8}+\frac{c+1}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}a\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}a-\frac{1}{8}b-\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Sigma\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\) :)
không mất tính tổng quát giả sử $a\leqslant b\leqslant c$
đặt
x=a+b+c
y=ab+bc+ac
z=abc
ta có bđt thức đầu tiên sẽ tương đương với
$(x+3a)(x+3b)(x+3c)> 25(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)$
$\Leftrightarrow x^{3}+3x^{2}(a+b+c)+9x(ab+bc+ac)+27abc> 25(x^{3}-x^{2}(a+b+c)+x(ab+bc+ac)-abc)$
$\Leftrightarrow x^{3}-4xy+13z> 0$ (1)
đặt S=VT
ta có
S=$(a+b+c)^{3}-4(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)+13abc=(a+b+c)((a+b+c)^{2}-4(ab+bc+ac))+13abc=(a+b+c)((a+b-c)^{2}-4ab)+13abc= (a+b+c)(a+b-c)^{2}+ab(9c-4b-4c)$
vậy (1) tương đương với
$(a+b+c)(a+b-c)^{2}+ab(9c-4b-4c)> 0$
do $0< a\leqslant b\leqslant c$
nên bđt trên hiển nhiên đúng
vậy được đpcm
\(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{3}\Rightarrow3+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-3\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le1\)
\(\sum\frac{1}{a+a+a+a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{36}\sum\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
\(A=\frac{1}{a+a+a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c+c+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{36}\left(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)