Giải hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2xy-3y^2=0\\x^2+y^2+2x+3y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)
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Giải hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2xy-3y^2=0\\x^2+y^2+2x+3y=19\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x-y\right)^2-3\left(2x-y\right)=0\\x+2y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x-y-3\right)=0\\x+2y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=0\\x+2y=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y-3=0\\x+2y=0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{6}{5}\\y=-\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(\dfrac{2x-y}{x+y}>0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{2x-y}{x+y}}=t>0\) pt đầu trở thành:
\(t+\dfrac{1}{t}=2\Leftrightarrow t^2-2t+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t=1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{2x-y}{x+y}}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-y=x+y\Leftrightarrow x=2y\)
Thay xuống pt dưới:
\(6y+y=14\Rightarrow y=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=4\)
1)
HPT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}15x-6y=-27\\8x+6y=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=5x+9\\23x=-23\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-1;2\right)\)
2)
HPT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=4\\2x+4y=10\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3y=-6\\x=5-2y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)
3)
HPT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4x+6y=14\\3x+6y=12\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2y=4-x\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;1\right)\)
4)
HPT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+6y=17\\54x-6y=42\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}59x=59\\y=9x-7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^4+2x^3y+x^2y^2=2x+9\\x^2+2xy=6x+6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2+xy\right)^2=2x+9\\x^2+2xy=6x+6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2+xy\right)^2=2x+9\\xy=3x+3-\dfrac{x^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2}{2}+3x+3\right)^2=2x+9\)( đến đây là phương trình 1 ẩn rồi, tự giải tiếp)
a.
\(x^2-3y^2+2xy-x+5y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3xy-2x\right)+\left(-3y^2-xy+2y\right)+x+3y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+3y-2\right)-y\left(x+3y-2\right)+x+3y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+3y-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y-1\\x=2-3y\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay lên pt đầu: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(y-1\right)^2+y^2+y-1+y=8\\\left(2-3y\right)^2+y^2+2-3y+y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự giải nốt
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+5y=9-2xy\\4x+6y=20-2xy\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=11\Rightarrow y=11-x\)
Thay vào pt đầu:
\(3x+5\left(11-x\right)=9-2x\left(11-x\right)\)
Bạn tự giải nốt
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+b=5\\b-10a=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+b=5\\15a=24\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{8}{5}\\b=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{6}{y}=17\\\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{6}{y}=13\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{6}{y}=17\\\dfrac{6}{x}=30\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{5}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét \(y=0\)\(\Rightarrow...\)
Xét \(y\ne0\). Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+xy+2x=5y\\\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(x+y-3\right)=-3y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2x=5y-y^2-xy\left(1\right)\\\left(x^2+2x\right)\left(x+y-3\right)=-3y\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay (1) vào (2), ta có:
\(\left(5y-y^2-xy\right)\left(x+y-3\right)=-3y\)
\(-y\left(x+y-5\right)\left(x+y-3\right)=-3y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-5\right)\left(x+y-3\right)=3\left(\cdot\right)\)
Đặt \(x+y-5=t\), phương trình \(\left(\cdot\right)\) trở thành
\(t\left(t+2\right)=3\)\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+2t+1=4\Leftrightarrow\left(t+1\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t+1=2\\t+1=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y-5=1\\x+y-5=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=6\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow...\)
Câu a pt đầu là \(x^2+2xy^2=3\) hay \(x^3+2xy^2=3\) vậy nhỉ? Nhìn \(x^2\) chẳng hợp lý chút nào
b. \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\left(xy+1\right)-y\left(xy+1\right)+xy+1=2\\\left(x^4+y^2-2x^2y\right)+xy+1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2-y\right)\left(xy+1\right)+xy+1=2\\\left(x^2-y\right)^2+xy+1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trừ vế cho vế:
\(\left(x^2-y\right)\left(xy+1\right)-\left(x^2-y\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y\right)\left(xy+1-x^2+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y\right)\left[y\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(1-x\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x^2\\x=-1\\y=x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(y=x^2\) thế xuống pt dưới:
\(x^4+x^4-x^3\left(2x-1\right)=1\Leftrightarrow x^3=1\Leftrightarrow...\)
....
Hai trường hợp còn lại bạn tự thế tương tự
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2xy-3y^2=0\\x^2+y^2+2x+3y=19\end{matrix}\right.\) giải PT \(x^2-2xy-3y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2-4y^2=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2-4y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+2y\right)\left(x-y-2y\right)=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-3y\right)=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Nếu x=-y Thay vào PT thứ 2 ta được
\(\left(-y\right)^2+y^2+2\left(-y\right)+3y=19\) \(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+y=19\) \(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+y-19=0\)
Đây là PT bậc 2 ẩn y nên\(\Delta=1^2+2.4.19=153>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) PT có 2 nghiệm phân biệt \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\frac{-1+3\sqrt{17}}{4}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1-3\sqrt{17}}{4}\\y=\frac{-1-3\sqrt{17}}{4}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1+3\sqrt{17}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn)
+) Nếu x=3y Thay vào PT thứ 2 ta được
\(\left(3y\right)^2+y^2+2.3y+3y=19\) \(\Leftrightarrow9y^2+y^2+6y+3y=19\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10y^2+9y=19\) \(\Leftrightarrow10y^2+9y-19=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(10y^2-10y\right)+\left(19y-19\right)=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow10y\left(y-1\right)+19\left(y-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(10y+19\right)\left(y-1\right)=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\Rightarrow x=3\\y=\frac{-19}{10}\Rightarrow x=\frac{-57}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn)
Vậy HPT có 4 cặp nghiệm (x,y)là\(\left(\frac{1-3\sqrt{17}}{4};\frac{-1+3\sqrt{17}}{4}\right);\)\(\left(\frac{1+3\sqrt{17}}{4};\frac{-1-3\sqrt{17}}{4}\right)\);(3;1);
\(\left(\frac{-57}{10};\frac{-19}{10}\right)\)