cho các số thực dương a,b,c t/m \(a+b+c=3\)
\(\frac{a^2}{2a+1}+\frac{b^2}{2b+1}+\frac{c^2}{2c+1}\le\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}\)
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Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(2a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\left(2a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{1}{a+a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ac+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+b^2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+c^2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ac+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\right)\le\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
Ta sẽ chứng minh :
\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\) với x, y > 0
Thật vậy : \(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}\)( bđt Cô - si )
Và \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\) ( bđt Cô - si )
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\) ( Dấu " = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) )
Ta có :
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(2a+b\right)^2+\left(a-b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
( Dấu " = " xay ra khi a=b)
Tương tự ta cũng có :
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\) ( Dấu " = " xảy ra khi b=c)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\) ( Dấu " = " xay ra khi c = a )
\(VT=\sum_{cyc}\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+b^2}}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu " = " xay ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{4a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2+b^2}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{4a^2+2ab+b^2+2ab}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(2a+b\right)^2}}=\frac{1}{2a+b}=\frac{1}{a+a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
+ \(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}=\frac{1}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+2}\le\frac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}\) . Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
+ Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2\left(bc+c+1\right)}\). Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow b=c=1\)
\(\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2\left(ca+a+1\right)}\). Dấu "=" \(c=a=1\)
Do đó : \(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{abc\cdot b+abc+ab}+\frac{b}{abc+ab+b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{ab+b+1}+\frac{b}{ab+b+1}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}=\frac{1}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+2}\le\frac{1}{2ab+2b+2}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{ab+b+1}\)
Tương tự CM được:
\(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{bc+c+1}\) và \(\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+c+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{ab^2c+abc+ab}+\frac{b}{abc+ab+b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{ab}{b+1+ab}+\frac{b}{1+ab+b}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot1=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
A=\(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\)+\(\frac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\)+\(\frac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\)
ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\)=\(\frac{1}{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+1\right)+2}\)\(\le\)\(\frac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}\)
vì : a2+b2\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{a^2b^2}\)=2ab
b2+1\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{b^2x1}\)=2b
cmtt => A\(\le\)\(\frac{1}{2}\)x(\(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}\)+\(\frac{1}{bc+c+1}\)+\(\frac{1}{ca+a+1}\))
=\(\frac{1}{2}\)x(\(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}\)+\(\frac{ab}{ab^2c+abc+ab}\)+\(\frac{b}{cba+ab+b}\))
=\(\frac{1}{2}\)x (\(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}\)+\(\frac{ab}{ab+b+1}\)+\(\frac{b}{ab+b+1}\))=\(\frac{1}{2}\)x\(\frac{ab+b+1}{ab+b+1}\)=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Ta có BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\frac{a}{2}-\frac{a^2}{2a+1}+\frac{b}{2}-\frac{b^2}{2b+1}+\frac{c}{2}-\frac{c^2}{2c+1}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}\)
Hay: \(\frac{a}{2a+1}+\frac{b}{2b+1}+\frac{c}{2c+1}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}\ge3\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki dạng dạng p.thức ta được:
\(\frac{a}{2a+1}+\frac{b}{2b+1}+\frac{c}{2c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3}\)
Khi đó ta cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{9}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3}+\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}\ge3\)
Đặt: \(t=a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\) ta có:
\(\frac{9}{2t+3}+\frac{2t}{\sqrt{t+6}}\ge3\Leftrightarrow\frac{9}{2t+3}-1+\frac{2t}{\sqrt{t+6}}-2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(3-t\right)}{2t+3}+\frac{2t-2\sqrt{t+6}}{\sqrt{t+6}}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-3\right)\left[\frac{t+2}{\sqrt{t+6}\left(t+\sqrt{t+6}\right)}-\frac{1}{2t+3}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t+2\right)\left(2t+3\right)-\sqrt{t+6}\left(t+\sqrt{t+6}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t\left(2t+6-\sqrt{t+6}\right)\ge0\)
Vì: \(t\ge3\) nên BĐT luôn đúng.
BĐT xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Sử dụng Bunhiacopxki:
\(\sqrt{\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}\right)\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}{\left(2a+1\right)^2}\right)}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2}{2a+1}=VT\)
Hay: \(\sqrt{VP.\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}{\left(2a+1\right)^2}\right)}\ge VT\)
Vậy ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(VP\ge\sqrt{VP.\left(\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}{\left(2a+1\right)^2}\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VP\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}}{\left(2a+1\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2}{\left(2a+1\right)^2}\)