Cho a,b,c,d,e là các số thực. Chứng minh rằng:
1) \(a^4+b^4+c^4+1\ge2a\left(a^2b-a+c+1\right)\)
2) \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)\ge6abc\)
3) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+e^2\ge a\left(b+c+d+e\right)\)
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d/ \(\Leftrightarrow a^4-a^3b+b^4-ab^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
e/ \(\Leftrightarrow a^6+b^6+a^5b+ab^5\ge a^6+b^5+a^4b^2+a^2b^4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^5b-a^4b^2+ab^5-a^2b^4\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4b\left(a-b\right)-ab^4\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
f/ \(\frac{a^6}{b^2}+a^2b^2\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^8b^2}{b^2}}=2a^4\) ; \(\frac{b^6}{a^2}+a^2b^2\ge2b^4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^6}{b^2}+\frac{b^6}{a^2}\ge2a^4+2b^4-2a^2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^6}{b^2}+\frac{b^6}{a^2}\ge a^4+b^4+\left(a^4+b^4-2a^2b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^6}{b^2}+\frac{b^6}{a^2}\ge a^4+b^4+\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2\ge a^4+b^4\)
a/ \(VT=a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)\)
\(VT=a^2+b^2+c^2+a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\)
\(VT\ge6\sqrt[6]{a^6b^6c^6}=6\left|abc\right|\ge6abc\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2+4e^2\ge4ab+4ac+4ad+4ae\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(a-2c\right)^2+\left(a-2d\right)^2+\left(a-2e\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{2}=b=c=d=e\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\ge\frac{a^3+b^3+3a^2b+3ab^2}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b+b^3-ab^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
Ta có : \(a^2\left(1+b^2\right)+b^2\left(1+c^2\right)+c^2\left(1+a^2\right)\ge6abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2abc+b^2c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2abc+a^2c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2abc+a^2b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-bc\right)^2+\left(b-ac\right)^2+\left(c-ab\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vì bđt cuối luôn đúng nên bđt ban đầu được chứng minh
a/ \(A=\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=2\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3^2-1\right)\left(3^2+1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(2A=\left(3^4-1\right)\left(3^4+1\right)...\left(3^{64}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=3^{128}-1\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{3^{128}-1}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
a.
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
(luôn đúng)
b. Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab,a^2+1\ge2a,b^2+1\ge2b\)\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)\ge2\left(ab+a+b\right)\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
c. Tương tự câu b
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si ta có
i. \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}},\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{bc}},\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\)
k. Tương tự câu i
Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:
1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)
bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko