Tìm GTLN,GTNN của \(f\left(x\right)=x^4-4x^3-x^2+10x-3\) với \(-1\le x\le4\)
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\(a,\dfrac{x^2+x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\dfrac{x^2+x+1+1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi: \(\left(1\right)\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}\cdot\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}}=2\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+1=1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có :
\(\left(3\sqrt{x-1}+4\sqrt{5-x}\right)^2\le\left(3^2+4^2\right)\left(x-1+5-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3\sqrt{x-1}+4\sqrt{5-x}\right)^2\le100\)
\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(x\right)\le10\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra :
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x-1}}{3}=\frac{\sqrt{5-x}}{4}\)
Vậy...
\(y=x+\dfrac{1}{x}-5\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x}}-5=-3\)
\(y_{min}=-3\) khi \(x=1\)
\(y=4x^2+\dfrac{1}{2x}+\dfrac{1}{2x}-4\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{4x^2}{2x.2x}}-4=-1\)
\(y_{min}=-1\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(y=x+\dfrac{4}{x}\Rightarrow y'=1-\dfrac{4}{x^2}=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
\(y\left(-2\right)=-4\Rightarrow\max\limits_{x>0}y=-4\) khi \(x=-2\)
\(f\left(x\right)=\left(2-x\right)\left(x+3\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2-x+x+3\right)^2=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
\(f\left(x\right)_{max}=\dfrac{25}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(c,P=\dfrac{x^2-x^2+8xy-16y^2}{x^2+4y^2}=\dfrac{8\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)-16}{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2+4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=t\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{8t-16}{t^2+4}\Leftrightarrow Pt^2+4P=8t-16\\ \Leftrightarrow Pt^2-8t+4P+16=0\)
Với \(P=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\)
Với \(P\ne0\Leftrightarrow\Delta'=16-P\left(4P+16\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-P^2-4P+4\ge0\Leftrightarrow-2-2\sqrt{2}\le P\le-2+2\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=-2+2\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow t=\dfrac{4}{P}=\dfrac{4}{-2+2\sqrt{2}}=2+\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=2+2\sqrt{2}\)
\(f\left(x\right)=x^4-4x^3+4x^2-5x^2+10x-3\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x\right)^2-5\left(x^2-2x\right)-3\)
Đặt \(t=x^2-2x\Rightarrow t\in\left[-1;8\right]\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=t^2-5t-3\) trên \(\left[-1;8\right]\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=3\) ; \(f\left(-\frac{b}{2a}\right)=f\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)=-\frac{37}{4}\); \(f\left(8\right)=21\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)_{min}=f\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)=-\frac{37}{4}\)
\(f\left(x\right)_{max}=f\left(8\right)=21\)