Cho a ≥ 2. Tìm GTNN của P = a2 + \(\frac{1}{a}\)
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a)Có \(a^2+1\ge2a\) với mọi a; \(b^2+1\ge2b\) với mọi b
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+2\ge2\left(a+b\right)\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> a=b=1
b) Áp dụng BĐT bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\left(x+y\right)_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\sqrt{2}\\x=y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
c) \(S=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Với x,y>0, ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) (1)
Thật vậy (1) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)
Áp dụng (1) vào S ta được:
\(S\ge\dfrac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}+\dfrac{1}{2ab}\)
Lại có: \(ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\Leftrightarrow2ab\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2ab}\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=a^2+\dfrac{1}{16a^2}+b^2+\dfrac{1}{16b^2}+\dfrac{15}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}\right)\)
\(A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{16a^2}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2}{16b^2}}+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)
\(A\ge1+\dfrac{15}{32}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2\ge1+\dfrac{15}{32}.4\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi ta có:
`a^2+b^2>=2ab`
`b^2+c^2>=2bc`
`c^2+a^2>=2ca`
`=>2(a^2+b^2+c^2)>=2ab+2bc+2ca`
`=>3(a^2+b^2+c^2)>=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca`
`=>3A>=(a+b)^2=1`
`=>A>=1/3`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `a=b=c=1/3`
\(P=2+\dfrac{2}{b}+a+\dfrac{a}{b}+2+\dfrac{2}{a}+b+\dfrac{b}{a}=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(a+\dfrac{1}{2a}\right)+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{2b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{2a}+\dfrac{3}{2b}\right)+4\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}+2\sqrt{a.\dfrac{1}{2a}}+2\sqrt{b.\dfrac{1}{2b}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2a}.\dfrac{3}{2b}}+4=6+2\sqrt{2}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Ta lại có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2.b^2}=2ab\left(BĐT.Cauchy\right)\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge4ab\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge6+2\sqrt{2}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge6+2\sqrt{2}+\dfrac{3}{\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}}=6+5\sqrt{2}\)
\(minP=6+5\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}-2\right)=\dfrac{1-a+b}{b}+\dfrac{1-b+a}{a}\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2=1\) và \(a,b>0\Leftrightarrow0< a< 1;0< b< 1\Leftrightarrow1+a-b>0;1-b+a>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1-a+b\right)\left(1-b+a\right)}{ab}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1-a^2-b^2+2ab}{ab}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=1\\\dfrac{1-a+b}{b}=\dfrac{1-b+a}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
a) Áp dụng Cauchy Schwars ta có:
\(M=\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
b) \(N=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b+1}+\frac{9}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=\frac{36}{6}=6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: x=y=1
Mk ms tìm được GTNN thôi!
Ta có: A = a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 + b2 - ab) = (a + b)(1 - ab)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số ko âm a2 và b2 ta có:
a2 + b2 \(\ge\) 2ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 \(\ge\) 2ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 - 2ab \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 1 - ab \(\ge\) ab
\(\Rightarrow\) A \(\ge\) ab(a + b)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = \(\sqrt{0,5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) A \(\ge\) 0,5 . 2\(\sqrt{0,5}\) = \(\sqrt{0,5}\)
Vậy ...
Chúc bn học tốt!
\(a^2+b^2=1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le a\le1\\0\le b\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^3\le a^2\\b^3\le b^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3\le a^2+b^2=1\)
\(A_{max}=1\) khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;1\right);\left(1;0\right)\)
\(a^3+a^3+\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^3\ge\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}a^2\)
\(b^3+b^3+\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^3\ge\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}b^2\)
Cộng vế:
\(2\left(a^3+b^3\right)+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\left(a^2+b^2\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(A_{min}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\) khi \(a=b=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(P=a^2+\frac{1}{a}=\frac{a^2}{8}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{7a^2}{8}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{8a}}+\frac{7a^2}{8}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{2^2}{8.2}}+\frac{7.2^2}{8}=\frac{9}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của P là \(\frac{9}{2}\) khi \(a=2\)