1 tìm GTNN của đa thức
a) Q=2x2-6x b)M=x2+y2-x+6y+10
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a) \(P=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
\(MinP=4\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
b) \(Q=2x^2-6x\)
\(=2\left(x^2-3x\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2.x.\frac{3}{2}+\frac{9}{4}-\frac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\frac{9}{2}-2\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\le\frac{-9}{2}\)
\(MinQ=\frac{-9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x-\frac{3}{2}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
M=x^2+y^2-x+6y+10
M=(x^2-x+1/4)+(y^2+6y+9)+3/4
M=(x-1/2)^2+(y+3)^2+3/4
\(minM=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)
\(a,P=x^2-2x+5=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+4=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(b,Q=2x^2-6x=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}\right)=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\ge-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(c,M=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(P=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
\(a,-x^2+2x+5=-\left(x^2-2x-5\right)=-\left(x^2-2x+1-6\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+6\le6\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1=>Max A=6
\(b,B=-x^2-y^2+4x+4y+2=-x^2+4x-4-y^2+4x-4+10\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-4x+4\right)+10\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2+10=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]+10\le10\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=2=>Max B=10
\(c,C=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+12=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1,y=-3=>MinC=2
a: ta có: \(P=x^2+10x+27\)
\(=x^2+10x+25+2\)
\(=\left(x+5\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-5
A= -x2+2x+3
=>A= -(x2-2x+3)
=>A= -(x2-2.x.1+1+3-1)
=>A=-[(x-1)2+2]
=>A= -(x+1)2-2
Vì -(x+1)2 ≤0=> A≤-2
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi
-(x+1)2=0 => x=-1
Vây A lớn nhất= -2 khi x= -1
B=x2-2x+4y2-4y+8
=> B= (x2-2x+1)+(4y2-4y+1)+6
=> B=(x-1)2+(2y+1)2+6
=> B lớn nhất=6 khi x=1 và y=-1/2
a: \(A=-5x^3+9x^3-2x^2-2x^2+x-x+1\)
\(=4x^3-4x^2+1\)
\(B=-4x^3+2x^3-2x^2+2x^2+6x-9x-2\)
\(=-2x^3-3x-2\)
\(C=x^3-6x^2+2x-4\)
b: \(A\left(x\right)+B\left(x\right)-C\left(x\right)\)
\(=4x^3-4x^2+1-2x^3-3x-2+x^3-6x^2+2x-4\)
\(=3x^3-10x^2-x-4\)
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(B_{min}=1\) khi (x,y)=(-1;2)
c) Ta có: \(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(C_{min}=-7\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=2x^2+x=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x\right)=2\left(x^2+2.\dfrac{1}{4}x+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{16}\right]\ge-\dfrac{1}{8}\) dấu"=' xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(B=x^2+2x+y^2-4y+6\)
\(=x^2+2x+1+y^2-4y+4+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1\)
\(\ge1\) dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=-1;y=2
\(C=4x^2+4x+9y^2-6y-5\)
\(=4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-7\ge-7\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=\(-\dfrac{1}{2},y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(D=\left(2+x\right)\left(x+4\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
=\(x^2+6x+8-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2-1-\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^2\left(2-x\right)-1\ge-1\)
dấu"=" xảy ra\(< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1:
a: \(M=x^2-10x+3\)
\(=x^2-10x+25-22\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-22\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2-22>=-22\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-5=0
=>x=5
b: \(N=x^2-x+2\)
\(=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}>=\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1/2=0
=>x=1/2
c: \(P=3x^2-12x\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-2\right)^2-12>=-12\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
a) Ta có: Q = 2x2 - 6x = 2x2 - 6x + 9/2 - 9/2 = 2(x2 - 3x + 9/4) - 9/2 = 2(x - 3/2)2 - 9/2
Ta luôn có : (x - 3/2)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x --> 2(x - 3/2)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> 2(x - 3/2)2 - 9/2 \(\ge\)-9/2 \(\forall\)x
hay Q \(\ge\)-9/2 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> (x - 3/2)2 = 0 <=> x - 3/2 = 0 <=> x = 3/2
Vậy Qmin = -9/2 tại x = 3/2
b) Ta có:
M = x2 + y2 - x + 6y + 10 = (x2 - x + 1/4) + (y2 + 6y + 9) + 3/4 = (x - 1/2)2 + (y + 3)2 + 3/4
Ta luôn có: (x - 1/2)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
(y + 3)2 \(\ge\) 0 \(\forall\)y
=> (x - 1/2)2 + (y + 3)2 + 3/4 \(\ge\) 3/4 \(\forall\)x,y
hay M \(\ge\)3/4 \(\forall\)x , y
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\\\left(y+3\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\y+3=0\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=-3\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Mmin = 3/4 tại x = 1/2 và y = -3