tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
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Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P_{min}=1\)
TH1: \(xyz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2y^2z^2=0\Rightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4=1\)
\(P=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\sqrt{x^4+y^4+z^4}=1\)
TH2: \(xyz\ne0\) , từ điều kiện, tồn tại 1 tam giác nhọn ABC sao cho \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=cosA\\y^2=cosB\\z^2=cosC\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=cosA+cosB+cosC-\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(cosA+cosB+cosC-\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4sin\dfrac{A}{2}sin\dfrac{B}{2}sin\dfrac{C}{2}\ge\sqrt{2cosA.cosB.cosC}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}sin^2\dfrac{B}{2}sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}\ge cosA.cosB.cosC\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8sin^2\dfrac{A}{2}sin^2\dfrac{B}{2}sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}}{8sin\dfrac{A}{2}sin\dfrac{B}{2}sin\dfrac{C}{2}cos\dfrac{A}{2}cos\dfrac{B}{2}cos\dfrac{C}{2}}\ge cotA.cotB.cotC\)
\(\Leftrightarrow tan\dfrac{A}{2}tan\dfrac{B}{2}tan\dfrac{C}{2}\ge cotA.cotB.cotC\)
\(\Leftrightarrow tanA.tanB.tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}cot\dfrac{B}{2}cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow tanA+tanB+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}+cot\dfrac{B}{2}+cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(tanA+tanB=\dfrac{sin\left(A+B\right)}{cosA.cosB}=\dfrac{2sinC}{cos\left(A-B\right)-cosC}\ge\dfrac{2sinC}{1-cosC}=\dfrac{2sin\dfrac{C}{2}cos\dfrac{C}{2}}{2sin^2\dfrac{C}{2}}=cot\dfrac{C}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(tanA+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{B}{2}\) ; \(tanB+tanC\ge cot\dfrac{A}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có đpcm
Vậy \(P_{min}=1\) khi \(\left(x^2;y^2;z^2\right)=\left(1;0;0\right)\) và các hoán vị hoặc \(\left(x^2;y^2;z^2\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
Ta có:
\(2x^2+xy+2y^2=x^2+y^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}+\frac{3\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{5\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\). Tương tự ta có:
\(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right);\sqrt{2z^2+xz+2x^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)+\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)+\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{5}\left(x+y+z\right)=\sqrt{5}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Cho mình hối tại sao đẳng thức sảy ra x=y=z=1/3 vậy
HSG toán 9 Quảng Nam năm 2018-2019
Giải: Từ đẳng thức đã cho suy ra: \(x>\frac{1}{2};y>\frac{1}{2};z>\frac{1}{2}\). Áp dụng (a+b)2 >= 4ab ta có:
\(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}\right)\cdot\frac{3y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\\\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\left("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\right)\)
Ta có \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\cdot1}\le\frac{\left(2x-1\right)+1}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}\le2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}},\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)Do đó:
\(A\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1
Vậy GTLN của A=3 đạt được khi x=y=z=1
Quy đồng full lên, hồi sáng e làm bên H O C 2 4 rồi, giờ chả muốn nhai lại.
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bài này năm trrong đề thi tuyển sinh vào lớp 10 ĐHSP Hà Nội Năm 2018 (vòng 2) bn có thể tìm đáp án trên mạng để tham khảo
Ta có \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=\sqrt{xyz}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\).
\(P=\frac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2z^2+xz+2x^2}+z\sqrt{2x^2+xy+y^2}\right)\)\(\left(x,y,z>0\right)\).
Ta có:
\(\sqrt{2y^2+2yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}\left(y^2+2yz+z^2\right)+\frac{3}{4}\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\).
Ta có:
\(\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0\forall y;z>0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\frac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2\forall y;z>0\).
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)\forall y,z>0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)\forall y;z>0\).
\(\Leftrightarrow x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}x\left(y+z\right)\forall x;y;z>0\left(1\right)\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}y\left(x+z\right)\forall x;y;z>0\left(2\right)\).
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(z\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}z\left(x+y\right)\forall x;y;z>0\left(3\right)\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2z^2+xz+2x^2}+z\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\)\(\ge\)\(\frac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]=\sqrt{5}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+z^2}+y\sqrt{2z^2+zx+2x^2}+z\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\right)\)\(\ge\)\(\frac{\sqrt{5}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{xyz}=\sqrt{5}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}.3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\)
\(\left(4\right)\).
Vì \(x,y,z>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki, ta được:
\(\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\ge\)\(\left(1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+1.\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=1^2=1\)
(vì\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)\(\left(5\right)\).
Từ \(\left(4\right)\)và \(\left(5\right)\), ta được:
\(P\ge\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y=z>0\\\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=\sqrt{xyz}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\).
Vậy \(minP=\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\).