Tìm nghiệm nguyên : 1+x+x2+x3 = y3
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\(pt< =>\left(x-y\right)^2+xy=\left(x-y\right)\left(xy+2\right)+9\)
\(< =>\left(y-x\right)\left(xy+2+y-x\right)+xy+2+y-x-\left(y-x\right)=11\)
\(< =>\left(y-x+1\right)\left(xy+2+y-x\right)-\left(y-x+1\right)=10\)
\(< =>\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x-y-1-xy\right)=10\)
đến đây giải hơi bị khổ =))
`#3107.101107`
`D = x^3 - y^3 - 3xy` biết `x - y - 1 = 0`
Ta có:
`x - y - 1 = 0`
`=> x - y = 1`
`D = x^3 - y^3 - 3xy`
`= (x - y)(x^2 + xy + y^2) - 3xy`
`= 1 * (x^2 + xy + y^2) - 3xy`
`= x^2+ xy + y^2 - 3xy`
`= x^2 - 2xy + y^2`
`= x^2 - 2*x*y + y^2`
`= (x - y)^2`
`= 1^2 = 1`
Vậy, với `x - y = 1` thì `D = 1`
________
`E = x^3 + y^3` với `x + y = 5; x^2 + y^2 = 17`
`x + y = 5`
`=> (x + y)^2 = 25`
`=> x^2 + 2xy + y^2 = 25`
`=> 2xy = 25 - (x^2 + y^2)`
`=> 2xy = 25 - 17`
`=> 2xy = 8`
`=> xy = 4`
Ta có:
`E = x^3 + y^3`
`= (x + y)(x^2 - xy + y^2)`
`= 5 * [ (x^2 + y^2) - xy]`
`= 5 * (17 - 4)`
`= 5 * 13`
`= 65`
Vậy, với `x + y = 5; x^2 + y^2 = 17` thì `E = 65`
________
`F = x^3 - y^3` với `x - y = 4; x^2 + y^2 = 26`
Ta có:
`x - y = 4`
`=> (x - y)^2 = 16`
`=> x^2 - 2xy + y^2 = 16`
`=> (x^2 + y^2) - 2xy = 16`
`=> 2xy = (x^2 + y^2) - 16`
`=> 2xy = 26 - 16`
`=> 2xy = 10`
`=> xy = 5`
Ta có:
`F = x^3 - y^3`
`= (x - y)(x^2 + xy + y^2)`
`= 4 * [ (x^2 + y^2) + xy]`
`= 4 * (26 + 5)`
`= 4*31`
`= 124`
Vậy, với `x - y = 4; x^2 + y^2 = 26` thì `F = 124.`
+, Nếu x = 0 => ko tồn tại y thuộc Z
+, Nếu x khác 0 => x^2 >= 1 => x^2-1 >= 0
Có : y^3 = x^3+2x^2+3x+2 > x^3 ( vì 2x^2+3x+2 > 0 )
Lại có : y^3 = (x^3+3x^3+3x+1)-(x^2-1) = (x+1)^3 - (x^2-1) < = (x+1)^3
=> x^3 < y^3 < = (x+1)^3
=> y^3 = (x+1)^3
=> x^2-1 = 0
=> x=-1 hoặc x=1
+, Với x=-1 thì y = 0
+, Với x=1 thì y = 2
Vậy .............
Tk mk nha
Ta có: \(x^3+2x^2+3x+2=y^3\) (1)
Xét \(2x^2+3x+2=2\left(x^2+\frac{3}{2}x\right)+2=2\left(x^2+\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{9}{16}\right)+2-2.\frac{9}{16}\)
\(=2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\frac{7}{8}\) Vì \(\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\frac{7}{8}\ge\frac{7}{8}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3>x^3\Rightarrow y^3\ge\left(x+1\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+2x^2+3x+2\ge\left(x+1\right)^3\) \(\Rightarrow x^3+2x^2+3x+2\ge x^3+3x^2+3x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+3x^2+3x+1-x^3-2x^2-3x-2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-1\le0\Rightarrow x^2\le1\) Vì \(x\in Z\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2=1\\x^2=0\end{cases}}\)
+ TH1: x2 = 0 => x =0 Thay vào pt (1) ta được y3 = 2 (loại) vì y nguyên
+ TH2 : x2 = 1 => \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-1\end{cases}}\)
Thay x=1 vào pt (1) ta đc: 1+2+3+2 = 8 = y3 => y = 2
Thay x= -1 vào pt (1) ta đc: -1 + 2 -3 +2 = 0 =y3 => y = 0
Vậy cặp (x;y) là (1;2) ; (-1;0).
10: \(x\left(x-y\right)+x^2-y^2\)
\(=x\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)\)
11: \(x^2-y^2+10x-10y\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)+\left(10x-10y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+10\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+10\right)\)
12: \(x^2-y^2+20x+20y\)
\(=\left(x^2-y^2\right)+\left(20x+20y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+20\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y+20\right)\)
13: \(4x^2-9y^2-4x-6y\)
\(=\left(4x^2-9y^2\right)-\left(4x+6y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-3y\right)\left(2x+3y\right)-2\left(2x+3y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+3y\right)\left(2x-3y-2\right)\)
14: \(x^3-y^3+7x^2-7y^2\)
\(=\left(x^3-y^3\right)+\left(7x^2-7y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+7\cdot\left(x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+7\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2+7x+7y\right)\)
15: \(x^3+4x-\left(y^3+4y\right)\)
\(=x^3-y^3+4x-4y\)
\(=\left(x^3-y^3\right)+\left(4x-4y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)+4\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2+4\right)\)
16: \(x^3+y^3+2x+2y\)
\(=\left(x^3+y^3\right)+\left(2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2+2\right)\)
17: \(x^3-y^3-2x^2y+2xy^2\)
\(=\left(x^3-y^3\right)-\left(2x^2y-2xy^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)-2xy\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2-2xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
18: \(x^3-4x^2+4x-xy^2\)
\(=x\left(x^2-4x+4-y^2\right)\)
\(=x\left[\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-y^2\right]\)
\(=x\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=x\left(x-2-y\right)\left(x-2+y\right)\)
\(a,x+y=1\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3=1\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\cdot1=1\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy=1\)
\(b,x^3-y^3-3xy\\ =x^3-3x^2y+3xy^2-y^3-3xy+3x^2y-3xy^2\\ =\left(x-y\right)^3-3xy\left(x-y-1\right)\\ =1^3-3xy\left(1-1\right)=1-0=1\)
\(c,x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)+6x^2y^2\left(x+y\right)\\ =\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+3xy\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\right]+6x^2y^2\\ =x^2-xy+y^2+3xy-6x^2y^2+6x^2y^2\\ =x^2+2xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2=1\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}+x^3=y^3\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3>x^3\)
Xét hiệu \(y^3-\left(x+2\right)^3=x^3+x^2+x+1-x^3-6x^2-12x-8\)
\(=-5x^2-11x-7\)
\(=-5\left(x+\frac{11}{10}\right)^2-\frac{19}{20}< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3< \left(x+2\right)^3\)
Tóm lại \(x^3< y^3< \left(x+2\right)^3\)
Mà x;y nguyên nên y = x + 1
Thế vào pt ban đầu ta được
\(1+x+x^2+x^3=x^3+3x^2+3x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\Rightarrow y=1\\x=-1\Rightarrow y=0\end{cases}}\)
Vậy ...