1.Giải pt :\(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=4\)
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ĐK: \(x\ne0\) ; \(y\ne0\)
Hệ phương trình tương đương với:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=4\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(S=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
\(P=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Mà \(S^2\ge4P\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}S=4\\S^2-2P=8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}S=4\\P=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=4\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=2\\y+\dfrac{1}{y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{1}{x-y+2}=a;\frac{1}{x+y-1}=b$ thì HPT trở thành cơ bản:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}
14a-10b=9\\
3a+2b=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix}
14a-10b=9\\
15a+10b=20\end{matrix}\right.\)
$\Rightarrow (14a-10b)+(15a+10b)=9+20$
$\Leftrightarrow 29a=29\Leftrightarrow a=1$.
$b=\frac{4-3a}{2}=\frac{1}{2}$
Vậy: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{x-y+2}=1\\ \frac{1}{x+y-1}=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x-y+2=1\\ x+y-1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x-y=-1\\ x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=1\\ y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đây chắc chắn là 1 hệ pt không giải được
Lần lượt lấy (trên + dưới) và lấy (dưới - trên) được 1 hệ mới, sau đó chia vế cho vế và đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=t\) sẽ đưa về 1 pt không thể phân tích thành nhân tử, đồng nghĩa không thể giải hệ đã cho
bài ni đúng đề thầy ạ !
nghiệm của hệ pt là :\(\left(x,y\right)=\left\{\dfrac{1+\sqrt[5]{3}}{2},\dfrac{\sqrt[5]{3}-1}{2}\right\}\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm y\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+y}=u\\\dfrac{1}{x-y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u+v=2\\2u+3v=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3u+3v=6\\2u+3v=5\\\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=1\\v=2-u\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=1\\v=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+y}=1\\\dfrac{1}{x-y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\x^2-4x+7=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\x^2-5x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x-1+2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5y+10-10}{y+2}=9\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x-1}+1-5+\dfrac{10}{y+2}=9\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x-1}+\dfrac{10}{y+2}=9+5-1=14-1=13\\\dfrac{2}{x-1}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x-1=2/7; y+2=5/3
=>x=9/7; y=-1/3
a.
Với \(y=0\) không phải nghiệm
Với \(y\ne0\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2=\dfrac{5}{y}\\2x\left(x+y\right)+y=\dfrac{5}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+2=2x\left(x+y\right)+y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+\left(2y-3\right)x+y-2=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(2y-3\right)^2-8\left(y-2\right)=\left(2y-5\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-2y+3+2y-5}{4}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-2y+3-2y+5}{4}=-y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu ...
Câu b chắc chắn đề sai
\(\left(x\ne-y;x>\dfrac{y}{2}\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2x-y}}-\dfrac{21}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x-y}}+\dfrac{7-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2x-y}}-\dfrac{21}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x-y}}+\dfrac{7}{x+y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(đặt:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-y}}=a>0;\dfrac{1}{x+y}=b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a-21b=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3a+7b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\\b=\dfrac{1}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-y}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\x+y=14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)(thỏa)
ĐKXĐ: x<>0; y<>0
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=1\\\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=1\\\dfrac{6}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{1}{x}=4\\\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{1}{y}=-1-\dfrac{2}{x}=-1-2:\dfrac{-1}{4}=-1+8=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=-1/4 và y=1/7
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne0\\y\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{x}\\b=\dfrac{1}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hệ phương trình trở thành \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+3b=1\\2a+b=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-1-2a\\5a+3\left(-1-2a\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-1-2a\\-a-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-4\\b=-1-2.\left(-4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-4\\b=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{x}=-4\\b=\dfrac{1}{y}=7\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(tm\right)\\y=\dfrac{1}{7}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy HPT có nghiệm \(x=-\dfrac{1}{4}\) và \(y=\dfrac{1}{7}\)
\(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2-2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2=0\\\left(y-\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{x}\\y=\dfrac{1}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=1\\y^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)