Giải hpt x^3 + y^2 + xytrên(x+y)=1
x+y=5-x^2
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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\left(x+y\right)+5\left(x-y\right)=12\\-5\left(x+y\right)+2\left(x-y\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt a = x + y, b = x - y
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+5b=12\\-5a+2b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{19}{31}\\b=\frac{63}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\frac{19}{31}\\x-y=\frac{63}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{41}{31}\\y=-\frac{22}{31}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: x-2y=5 và 3x+y=8
=>3x-6y=15 và 3x+y=8
=>-7y=7 và x-2y=5
=>y=-1 và x=5+2y=5-2=3
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{x+1}+\dfrac{6}{y-2}=9\\\dfrac{3}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{y-2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{7}{y-2}=7\\\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{y-2}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>y-2=1 và x+1=1
=>x=0 và y=3
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=1\\x^2+y^2+z^2=1\\x^3+y^3+z^3=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
☘ Ta có:
\(yz=\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)^2-\left(y^2+z^2\right)}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(1-x\right)^2-\left(1-x^2\right)}{2}=x^2-x\)
☘ Thay vào phương trình thứ 3
\(\Rightarrow1=x^3+y^3+z^3=x^3+\left(y+z\right)^3-3yz\left(y+z\right)\)
\(=x^3+\left(1-x\right)^3-3\left(x^2-x\right)\left(1-x\right)\)
\(=1+3x^3-3x^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3x^2\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
⚠ Chia thành hai trường hợp, rồi tự giải tiếp nhé.
⚠ Nguồn: Ý tưởng xuất phát từ [Báo TTT - số 71 mục "Thi giải toán qua thư"]
⚠ Có thể có cách khác ngắn gọn, dễ hiểu hơn.
✿ Another way ✿
☘ Ta có:
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+z\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow xy=-z\left(x+y\right)=-z\left(1-z\right)=z^2-z\left(1\right)\)
☘ Mặt khác
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=0\left(2\right)\)
☘ Thay (1) vào (2)
\(\Rightarrow z\left(z^2-z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}z=0\\z=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
⚠ Cũng chia thành hai trường hợp rồi giải tiếp nhé.
Bài 2:
a: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2-x+y-3x-3y=5\\3x-3y+5x+5y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>-4x-2y=3 và 8x+2y=-2
=>x=1/4; y=-2
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{y-1}=1\\\dfrac{1}{x-2}+\dfrac{1}{y-1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=5\\\dfrac{1}{x-2}=1-\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>y=6 và x-2=5/4
=>x=13/4; y=6
c: =>x+y=24 và 3x+y=78
=>-2x=-54 và x+y=24
=>x=27; y=-3
d: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x-1}-6\sqrt{y+2}=4\\2\sqrt{x-1}+5\sqrt{y+2}=15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-11\sqrt{y+2}=-11\\\sqrt{x-1}=2+3\cdot1=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>y+2=1 và x-1=25
=>x=26; y=-1
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\y-\dfrac{1}{y}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}=a^2-2\\y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=b^2+2\end{matrix}\right.\)hệ đã cho tương đương:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=3\\a^2+b^2=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+\left(3-a\right)^2-5=0\Rightarrow a^2-3a+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1;b=2\\a=2;b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=1\\y-\dfrac{1}{y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x+1=0\left(vn\right)\\y^2-2y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (loại)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=2\\y-\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x+1=0\\y^2-y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\\y=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy hệ đã cho có 2 cặp nghiệm:
\(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right);\left(1;\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\)
Đặt \(a=x+\dfrac{1}{x}\Leftrightarrow a^2=x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+2\Leftrightarrow x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}=a^2-2\)
\(b=y-\dfrac{1}{y}\Leftrightarrow b^2=y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-2\Leftrightarrow y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=b^2+2\)
Nên \(x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+y^2+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=5\Leftrightarrow a^2-2+b^2+2=5\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2=5\)Vậy ta có hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=3\\a^2+b^2=5\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có a+b=3\(\Leftrightarrow b=3-a\)
Thay b=3-a vào (1)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+\left(3-a\right)^2=5\Leftrightarrow a^2+9-6a+a^2=5\Leftrightarrow2a^2-6a+4=0\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2-3a+2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a^2-3a+2=0\Leftrightarrow a^2-a-2a+2=0\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-1\right)-2\left(a-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-1=0\\a-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=2\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=1\\y-\dfrac{1}{y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x+1=0\\y^2-2y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có \(x^2-x+1=x^2-2x.\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Vậy phương trình (2) vô nghiệm
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=2\\y-\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2x+1=0\\y^2-y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy (x,y)={(\(1;\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\));(\(1;\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\))}
\(x^5+y^5=\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)-xy\left(x+y\right)\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x-y\right)=0\)
=> x = 0 ; y = 1 hoặc x = 1 ; y = 0 hoặc x + y = 0 ....
a) Ta có \(x^5+y^5=x^2+y^2\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^2+y^5-y^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^3-1\right)+y^2\left(y^3-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^3-x^3-y^3\right)+y^2\left(y^3-y^3-x^3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow-x^2.y^3-y^2.x^3=0\Leftrightarrow-x^2.y^2\left(y+x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2\left(x+y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2.y^2=0\\x+y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\\x=-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 1:
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2:x=-y
Ta có \(x^3+y^3=1\Leftrightarrow-y^3+y^3=1\Leftrightarrow0=1\left(ktm\right)\)
Vậy (x;y)={(0;1);(1;0)}
b) Ta có \(x^3+y^3=x^2+y^2\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2+y^3-y^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)+y^2\left(y-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-x-y\right)+y^2\left(y-y-x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow-x^2y-y^2x=0\Leftrightarrow-xy\left(x+y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x+y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy=0\\x+y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\\x+y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\)
Trường hợp 1:
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trường hợp 2:
x+y=0 mà x+y=1 nên ktm
Vậy (x;y)={(0;1);(1;0)}