Cho : \(\dfrac{a}{b}\)=\(\dfrac{c}{d}\) ( a,b,c,d khác 0 )
Chứng minh :
\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3\)= \(\dfrac{a^3-b^3}{c^3-d^3}\)
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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2=ac\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\\c^2=bd\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}\left(1\right)\)
Và \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
a/b = b/c = c/d = (a + b + c)/(b + c + d)
--> ((a + b + c)/(b + c + d))^3 = a^3/b^3
Cần chứng minh:
a^3/b^3 = a/d
<=> a^3/b^3 = a^3/(a^2.d)
--> b^3 = a^2.d
Mà ad = bc (do a/b = c/d)
--> b^3 = abc
<=> b^2 = ac (luôn đúng do a/b = b/c)
--> đpcm
thử bài bất :D
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)
Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:
\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )
Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) chứng minh \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}\left(1\right)\)
mà cần chứng minh: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)
từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a}{d}\Rightarrow a^3.d=b^3.a\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2.d=b^3\)
vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\Rightarrow a.c=b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a.b.c=b.c\left(3\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow a.d=b.c\left(4\right)\)
từ \(\left(3\right)\) và \(\left(4\right)\) \(\Rightarrow a.a.d=b^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2.d=b^3\left(đpcm\right)\)
vậy \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)
Khi đó: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\frac{b(2k+5)}{b(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\\ \frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\frac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\frac{d(2k+5)}{d(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Bài 2:
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)
Khi đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{(bk)^2+b^2}{(dk)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2(k^2+1)}{d^2(k^2+1)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}(=\frac{b^2}{d^2})\) . Ta có đpcm.
Cách 1:
Ta xét tích a(c-d) và c(a-b)
Ta có: a(c-d)=ac-ad (1)
c(a-b)=ac-bc(2)
Ta lại có \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=>ad=bc (3)
Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có a(c-d)=c(a-d). Do đó \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)
Cách 2:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=k thì a=bk, c=dk.
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(1\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)=> \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)
Cách 3: Ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Aps dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=>\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=>\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}-1=\dfrac{d}{c}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b-a}{a}=\dfrac{d-c}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)
hay \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)(đpcm)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b.k\\c=d.k\end{matrix}\right.\)
\((\dfrac{a+b}{c+d})^3=\left(\dfrac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{b.\left(k+1\right)}{d.\left(k+1\right)}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^3\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a^3-b^3}{c^3-d^3}=\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^3-b^3}{\left(dk\right)^3-d^3}=\dfrac{b^3.\left(k^3-1\right)}{d^3.\left(k^3-1\right)}=\dfrac{b^3}{d^3}=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^3\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3-b^3}{c^3-d^3}\)