cho x,y thỏa mãn \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y\le2\\x^2+y^2+xy=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
tìm GTNN,GTLN của t =x2+y2-xy
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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>y\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y>0\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x-y}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy}{x-y}=x-y+\dfrac{2xy}{x-y}=x-y+\dfrac{2}{x-y}\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-y\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{x-y}\right)}=2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow MinP=2\sqrt{2}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=2m-1\left(1\right)\\x^2+y^2=m^2+2m-3\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=m^2+2m-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2m-1\right)^2-m^2-2m+3=2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2xy=3m^2-6m+4\)
\(P_{min}\Leftrightarrow3m^2-6m+4\left(min\right)\)
\(3\left(m^2-2m+\dfrac{4}{3}\right)=3\left(m^2-2m+1+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=3\left[\left(m-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\right]=3\left(m-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow m=1\)
a, Cộng vế theo vế hai phương trình ta được:
\(x^2+y^2+2xy+x+y=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x+y+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x+y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(x+y=1\)
\(pt\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow xy+1=-1\Leftrightarrow xy=-2\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\xy=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\xy=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(x+y=-2\)
\(pt\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow xy-2=-1\Leftrightarrow xy=1\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-2\\xy=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3-y^3=7\left(x-y\right)\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2+xy-7\right)=0\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2+y^2+xy=7\end{matrix}\right.\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x^2-x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+xy=7\\x^2+y^2=x+y+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+y\right)^2-xy=7\\\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy-x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(x+y=u;xy=v\)
Hệ trở thành: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u^2-v=7\\u^2-2v-u=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=u^2-7\\u^2-2\left(u^2-7\right)-u=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=u^2-7\\u^2+u-12=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=u^2-7\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}u=3\\u=-4\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=2\\u=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=9\\u=-4\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=2\\u=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=2\\x+y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=9\\u=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy=9\\x+y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\left(vn\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(x-1;y-2;z-3\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)=abc>0\)
Điều kiện bài toán trở thành :
\(a+1+b+2+c+3< 9\)
\(\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}+\sqrt{c+5\left(a+1\right)+4\left(b+2\right)+3+\left(c+3\right)}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)=\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)=\left(c+3\right)+\left(a+1\right)+11+a+b+c< 3\)
\(a+b+c< 3\)
\(=\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+ab+bc+ca}\)
Mặt khác, do aa không âm, ta luôn có:
\(\text{(√a−1)2(a+2√a)≥0(a−1)2(a+2a)≥0}\)
\(\text{⇒a2−3a+2√a≥0⇒a2−3a+2a≥0}\)
\(\text{⇒2√a≥a(3−a)≥a(b+c)⇒2a≥a(3−a)≥a(b+c) (1)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có:\(\text{ 2√b≥b(c+a)2b≥b(c+a) (2)}\)
\(\text{2√c≥c(a+b)2c≥c(a+b) (3)}\)
Cộng vế với vế (1);(2);(3):
\(\text{2(√a+√b+√c)≥2(ab+bc+ca)2(a+b+c)≥2(ab+bc+ca)}\)
\(\text{⇔√a+√b+√c≥ab+bc+ca⇔a+b+c≥ab+bc+ca}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\text{a=b=c=0a=b=c=0 hoặc a=b=c=1a=b=c=1}\)
⇒x=...;y=...;z=...
Câu a pt đầu là \(x^2+2xy^2=3\) hay \(x^3+2xy^2=3\) vậy nhỉ? Nhìn \(x^2\) chẳng hợp lý chút nào
b. \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2\left(xy+1\right)-y\left(xy+1\right)+xy+1=2\\\left(x^4+y^2-2x^2y\right)+xy+1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x^2-y\right)\left(xy+1\right)+xy+1=2\\\left(x^2-y\right)^2+xy+1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trừ vế cho vế:
\(\left(x^2-y\right)\left(xy+1\right)-\left(x^2-y\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y\right)\left(xy+1-x^2+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y\right)\left[y\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(1-x\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-y\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x^2\\x=-1\\y=x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(y=x^2\) thế xuống pt dưới:
\(x^4+x^4-x^3\left(2x-1\right)=1\Leftrightarrow x^3=1\Leftrightarrow...\)
....
Hai trường hợp còn lại bạn tự thế tương tự
1. Với mọi số thực x;y;z ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(z^2+1\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}P+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
1.1
ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=a>0\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{2-b^2}=2\\b+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b+\sqrt{2-b^2}-\sqrt{2-a^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\sqrt{2-b^2}+\sqrt{2-a^2}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Thay vào pt đầu:
\(a+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-a^2}=2-a\) (\(a\le2\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2-a^2=4-4a+a^2\Leftrightarrow2a^2-4a+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow x=y=1\)
2.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\x^2-xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+3xy+3y^2=21\\7x^2-7xy+7y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-10xy+4y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu
...
Lời giải:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y\leq 2\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} (x+y)^2\leq 4\\ x^2+xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow (x+y)^2-(x^2+xy+y^2)\leq 1\Leftrightarrow xy\leq 1\)
Do đó:
\(t=x^2+y^2-xy=(x^2+y^2+xy)-2xy=3-2xy\geq 3-2.1=1\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=\frac{x^2+xy+y^2-2xy}{x^2+y^2+xy}=1-\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-(2+\frac{2xy}{x^2+xy+y^2})\)
\(=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}=3-\frac{2(x+y)^2}{3}\leq 3\)
\(\Rightarrow t= x^2-xy+y^2\leq 3(x^2+xy+y^2)=3.3=9\)
Vậy \(t_{\min}=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
\(t_{\max}=9\Leftrightarrow (x,y)=(\sqrt{3}; -\sqrt{3})\)và hoán vị