CHỨNG MINH BIỂU THỨC TRÊN NHỎ HƠN 2:
\(A=\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{5}{3!}+\frac{11}{4!}+...+\frac{n^2+n-1}{\left(n+1\right)!}\)
LÀM NHANH NHA MK CẦN GẤP
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1 tháng 4 2019
\(A=\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{6^2}+\frac{1}{8^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2.4}+\frac{1}{4.6}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n-2\right).2n}\)
\(< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2n-2}-\frac{1}{2n}\right)\)
\(< \frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2n}\right)=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4n}< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(A< \frac{1}{4}\)
Study well ! >_<
M
15 tháng 11 2017
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}\)
...................
\(\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+....+\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+....+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-....+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}< 2-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
BT
15 tháng 11 2017
Gọi vế trái là A. Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3};....;\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}=\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}.\)
=> \(A< 1+1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
=> \(A< 2-\frac{1}{n}\) (ĐPCM)
HP
29 tháng 7 2016
bài 1) Đặt \(B=\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\)
Ta có: \(A=B.\left(\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n}{p-m}\right)=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(B.\frac{p}{m-n}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{p}{m-n}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}\)
\(=1+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{p}{m-n}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left(\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\left[\frac{\left(n-p\right).n}{mn}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).m}{mn}\right]=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{n^2-np+pm-m^2}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p}{m-n}.\frac{\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(m-n\right).\left(p-m-n\right)}{\left(m-n\right).mn}=1+\frac{p.\left(p-m-n\right)}{mn}\)
\(=1+\frac{p^2-pm-pn}{mn}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(m+n\right)}{mn}\)
Vì m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
\(=>B.\frac{p}{m-n}=1+\frac{p^2-p.\left(-p\right)}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^2}{mn}=1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\left(1\right)\)
\(B.\frac{m}{n-p}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{m}{n-p}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{m}{n-p}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{m}{n-p}=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).n}{np}+\frac{\left(p-m\right).p}{np}\right]=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{mn-n^2+p^2-mp}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m}{n-p}.\frac{\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m.\left(n-p\right).\left(m-n-p\right)}{\left(n-p\right).np}=1+\frac{m.\left(m-n-p\right)}{np}\)
\(=1+\frac{m^2-mn-mp}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m\left(n+p\right)}{np}=1+\frac{m^2-m.\left(-m\right)}{np}=1+\frac{2m^2}{np}=1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\left(2\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>n+p=-m)
\(B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}+\frac{p-m}{n}\right).\frac{n}{p-m}=\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{p-m}{n}.\frac{n}{p-m}\)
\(=1+\frac{m-n}{p}.\frac{n}{p-m}+\frac{n-p}{m}.\frac{n}{p-m}=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left(\frac{m-n}{p}+\frac{n-p}{m}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\left[\frac{\left(m-n\right).m}{pm}+\frac{\left(n-p\right).p}{pm}\right]=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{m^2-mn+np-p^2}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n}{p-m}.\frac{\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(p-m\right).\left(n-p-m\right)}{\left(p-m\right).pm}=1+\frac{n.\left(n-p-m\right)}{pm}\)
\(=1+\frac{n^2-np-mn}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n\left(p+m\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{n^2-n.\left(-n\right)}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^2}{pm}=1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\left(3\right)\) (vì m+n+p=0=>p+m=-n)
Từ (1),(2),(3) suy ra :
\(A=B.\frac{p}{m-n}+B.\frac{m}{n-p}+B.\frac{n}{p-m}=\left(1+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}\right)\)
\(=3+\frac{2p^3}{mnp}+\frac{2m^3}{mnp}+\frac{2n^3}{mnp}=3+\frac{2.\left(m^3+n^3+p^3\right)}{mnp}\)
*Tới đây để tính được m3+n3+p3,ta cần CM được bài toán phụ sau:
Đề: Cho m+n+p=0.CMR: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\)
Từ m+n+p=0=>m+n=-p
Ta có: \(m^3+n^3+p^3=\left(m+n\right)^3-3m^2n-3mn^2+p^3=-p^3-3mn\left(m+n\right)+p^3\)
\(=-3mn\left(m+n\right)=-3mn.\left(-p\right)=3mnp\)
Vậy ta đã CM được bài toán phụ
*Trở lại bài toán chính: \(A=3+\frac{2.3mnp}{mnp}=3+\frac{6mnp}{mnp}=3+6=9\)
Vậy A=9
HP
29 tháng 7 2016
bài 2)
a)Nhận thấy các thừa số của A đều có dạng tổng quát sau:
\(n^3+1=n^3+1^3=\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2-n+1\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n+1\right).\left(n^2-2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
\(n^3-1=n^3-1^3=\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+n+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=\left(n-1\right).\left(n^2+2.n.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]=\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]\)
suy ra \(\frac{n^3+1}{n^3-1}=\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left[\left(n-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(n-1\right).\left[\left(n+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}\)
Do đó: \(\frac{2^3+1}{2^3-1}=\frac{\left(2+1\right).\left[\left(2-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(2-1\right).\left[\left(2+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{3.\left(1,5^2+0,75\right)}{1.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(\frac{3^3+1}{3^3-1}=\frac{\left(3+1\right).\left[\left(3-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(3-1\right).\left[\left(3+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{4.\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)}{2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
...........................
\(\frac{10^3+1}{10^3-1}=\frac{\left(10+1\right).\left[\left(10-0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}{\left(10-1\right).\left[\left(10+0,5\right)^2+0,75\right]}=\frac{11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{9.\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}\)
\(=>A=\frac{3\left(1,5^2+0,75\right).4\left(2,5^2+0,75\right)........11.\left(9,5^2+0,75\right)}{1\left(2,5^2+0,75\right).2.\left(3,5^2+0,75\right)........9\left(10,5^2+0,75\right)}=\frac{3.4........11}{1.2......9}.\frac{1,5^2+0,75}{10,5^2+0,75}\)
\(=\frac{10.11}{2}.\frac{1}{37}=\frac{2036}{37}\)
Vậy A=2036/37
b) có thể ở chỗ 1+1/4 bn nhầm,phải là \(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\) ,mà chắc cũng chẳng sao,vì 14=1 mà
Nhận thấy các thừa số của B có dạng tổng quát:
\(n^4+\frac{1}{4}=n^4+n^2+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2\right)^2+2.n^2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-n^2=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-n^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}-n\right)\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}+n\right)\)
\(B=\frac{\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1\right).\left(1^2+\frac{1}{2}+1\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}+3\right).\left(3^2+\frac{1}{2}-3\right)..........\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}-9\right).\left(9^2+\frac{1}{2}+9\right)}{\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}-2\right).\left(2^2+\frac{1}{2}+2\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}-4\right).\left(4^2+\frac{1}{2}+4\right)......\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}-10\right).\left(10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10\right)}\)
Mặt khác,ta cũng có: \(\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(a+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+2a+1-a-1+\frac{1}{2}=a^2+a+\frac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra \(B=\frac{1^2+\frac{1}{2}-1}{10^2+\frac{1}{2}+10}=\frac{1}{221}\)
Vậy B=1/221
NT
17 tháng 4 2018
a) -1 - 2 + 3 + 4 - 5 - 6 + 7 + 8 - 9 - 10 + 11 + 12 - ... - 2013 - 2014 + 2015 + 2016
= ( -1 - 2 + 3 + 4 ) - ( 5 + 6 - 7 - 8 ) - ( 9 + 10 - 11 - 12 ) - .......... - ( 2013 + 2014 - 2015 - 2016 )
= 4 - ( -4 ) - ( -4 ) - ......... - ( -4 )
= 4 + 4 + 4 +....... + 4
= { [ ( 2016 - 1 ) : 1 + 1 ] : 4 } . 4
= { [ 2015 : 1 + 1 ] : 4 } . 4
= { 2016 : 4 } . 4
= 504 . 4
= 2016
b) \(\left(\frac{1}{2}-1\right):\left(\frac{1}{3}-1\right):\left(\frac{1}{4}-1\right):\left(\frac{1}{5}-1\right):.........:\left(\frac{1}{100}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2}:\frac{-2}{3}:\frac{-3}{4}:\frac{-4}{5}:......:\frac{-99}{100}\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2}.\frac{3}{-2}.\frac{4}{-3}.\frac{5}{-4}.......\frac{100}{-99}\)
\(=\frac{-1.3.4........100}{2.2.3.4......99}\)
\(=\frac{-1.100}{2.2}\)
\(=\frac{-100}{4}\)
\(=-25\)
B
17 tháng 4 2018
a) -1-2+3+4-5-6+7+8+...+2016=-3+3-7+7-...-2016+2016=0
b) \(\left(\frac{1}{2}-1\right):...:\left(\frac{1}{100}-1\right)=\frac{-1}{2}:\frac{-2}{3}:\frac{-3}{4}:...:\frac{-99}{100}\)
\(=\)\(\frac{-1}{2}.\frac{-3}{2}.....\frac{-100}{99}=\frac{-1}{2}.\left(-50\right)=25\)
18 tháng 11 2015
A= \(\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)\left(\frac{8}{9}\right)\left(\frac{15}{16}\right)......\left(\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{n.n}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3.8.15....\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{\left(2.3.4......n\right)\left(2.3.4.......n\right)}=\frac{1.3.2.4.3.5.......\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{\left(2.3.4.....n\right)\left(2.3.4..................n\right)}=\frac{\left(1.2.3.......\left(n-1\right)\right)\left(3.4.5........\left(n+1\right)\right)}{\left(2.3.4.....n\right)\left(2.3.4...........n\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1.\left(n+1\right)}{n.2}=\frac{n+1}{2n}\)
18 tháng 11 2015
mình chỉ tick cho những người giải thôi, không chấp nhận trường hợp xin tick, và cấm tình trạng spam bậy. Nếu ai giải được thì mình tick, nếu ai không giải, xin tick, hay spam để kiếm điểm hỏi đáp thì miễn.
TA
19 tháng 7 2016
Ta sẽ chứng minh với \(n\ge1\)thì \(P_n=\left(1-\frac{4}{1}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{25}\right)...\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2n-1\right)^2}\right)=\frac{-2n-1}{2n-1}\)
Với \(n=1\)mệnh đề đúng vì \(1-4=-3=\frac{-2.1-1}{2.1-1}\)
Giả sử mệnh đề đúng với \(n=k\)tức là \(\left(1-\frac{4}{1}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{25}\right)...\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2k-1\right)^2}\right)=\frac{-2k-1}{2k-1}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh mệnh đề đúng với \(n=k+1\)tức là chứng minh \(\left(1-\frac{4}{1}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{25}\right)...\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2k+1\right)^2}\right)=\frac{-\left(2k+3\right)}{2k+1}\)
Thật vậy \(\left(1-\frac{4}{1}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{25}\right)...\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2k-1\right)^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2k+1\right)^2}\right)=\frac{-2k-1}{2k-1}.\frac{\left(2k-1\right)\left(2k+3\right)}{\left(2k+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(2k+1\right)}{2k-1}.\frac{\left(2k-1\right)\left(2k+3\right)}{\left(2k+1\right)^2}=\frac{-\left(2k+3\right)}{2k+1}.\)
Theo nguyên lý quy nạp, mệnh đề đúng với mọi \(n\ge1\)