Cho x+y=a+b
\(x^2+y^2=a^2+b^2\) . Cm: \(x^3+y^3=a^3+b^3\)
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Có (a+b+c)2 = 3(ab+bc+ac)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac=3ab+3bc+3ac\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac-3ab-3bc-3ac\)\(=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\)\(=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+a^2-2ac+c^2\)\(=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Từ \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\)
Xét hiệu \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3a^2b-3ab^2-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)\left(I\right)\)
Thay \(a+b=-c;a+b+c=0\left(GT\right)v\text{ào}\left(I\right)\) ta được
\(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=\left(-c\right)^3+c^3-3ab.0\)
\(=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\left(\text{Đ}PCM\right)\)
Vậy \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) với \(a+c+b=0\)
a)
A=\(x^2+y^2=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-2xy=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=a^2-2b\)
\(B=x^3+y^3=\left(x^3+3x^2y+3xy^2+y^3\right)-3x^2y-3xy^2=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)=a^3-3ab\)
\(C=x^5+y^5=\left(x^5+y^5+5x^4y+10x^3y^2+10x^2y^3+5xy^4\right)-5x^4y-10x^3y^2-10x^2y^3-5xy^4\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^5-5xy\left(x^3+2xy^2+2x^2y+y^3\right)=\left(x+y\right)^5-5xy\left(x^3+3xy^2+3x^2y+y^3-xy^2-x^2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^5-5xy\left(\left(x+y\right)^3-xy\left(x+y\right)\right)=a^5-5b\left(a^3-ab\right)\)
Ta có: \(x+y=a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\)
Mà \(x^2+y^2=a^2+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2xy=2ab\Rightarrow xy=ab\)
Lại có: \(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)=a^3+b^3\)
(đpcm)