tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất :x^2 + y^2 +xy +x+y
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Từ gt ta có x^2+y^^2=xy+1
=>P=(x^2+y^2)^2-2x^2y^2-x^2y^2
=(xy+1)2-2x2y2-x2y2
=x2y2+xy+1-3x2y2=-2x2y2+xy+1
=......
\(1=x^2+y^2-xy\ge2xy-xy=xy\Rightarrow xy\le1\)
\(1=x^2+y^2-xy\ge-2xy-xy=-3xy\Rightarrow xy\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\dfrac{1}{3}\le xy\le1\)
\(P=\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-2\left(xy\right)^2-\left(xy\right)^2=\left(xy+1\right)^2-3\left(xy\right)^2=-2\left(xy\right)^2+2xy+1\)
Đặt \(xy=t\in\left[-\dfrac{1}{3};1\right]\)
\(P=f\left(t\right)=-2t^2+2t+1\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=-4t+2=0\Rightarrow t=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(f\left(-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}\) ; \(f\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{max}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ; \(P_{min}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
có: \(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}=\dfrac{1}{1-2xy}\)(1)
có \(\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{2}{2xy}\left(2\right)\)
từ(1)(2)=>A=\(\dfrac{1}{1-2xy}+\dfrac{2}{2xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}{1}=\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)
=>Min A=(1+\(\sqrt{2}\))^2
\(y\ge1+xy\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{1}{y}+x\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le4\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{x}\ge4\)
\(G=\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}=\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{16x}\right)+\dfrac{15}{16}.\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{16xy}}+\dfrac{15}{16}.4=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
M=x2+y2−xy−x+y+1M=x2+y2−xy−x+y+1
4M=4x2+4y2−4xy−4x+4y+44M=4x2+4y2−4xy−4x+4y+4
4M=(2x−y−1)2+3y2+2y+34M=(2x−y−1)2+3y2+2y+3
12M=3(2x−y−1)2+9y2+6y+912M=3(2x−y−1)2+9y2+6y+9
12M=(2x−y−1)2+(3y+1)2+812M=(2x−y−1)2+(3y+1)2+8
M≥13M≥13
⎧⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪⎩3y+1=0;y=−132x+13−1=0;x=−13