CHo các số thực x,y,z thỏa mãn đồng thời các điều kiện
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=2\\x^2+y^2+z^2=18\\xyz=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tính S=\(\dfrac{1}{xy+z-1}+\dfrac{1}{yz+x-1}+\dfrac{1}{xz+y-1}\)
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Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{2}{xyz}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(yz\right)^2+\left(xz\right)^2+\left(xy\right)^2+2xyz}{\left(xyz\right)^2}=1\)
<=> (xy)2 + (yz)2 + (zx)2 + 2xyz = (xyz)2
<=> (xy)2 + (yz)2 + (xz)2 + 2xyz(x + y + z) = (xyz)2
<=> (xy + yz + zx)2 = (xyz)2
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}xy+yz+zx=xyz\\xy+yz+zx=-xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Khi xy + yz + zx = -xyz
=> \(\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=-1< 0\left(\text{loại}\right)\)
=> xy + yz + zx = xyz
<=> \(xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=xyz\Leftrightarrow xyz\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}-1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=1\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y+z\right)z}\)
<=> \(\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{xz+yz+z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(zx+yz+z^2\right)xy}=0\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\z=-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi x = -y => y = 1 => P = 1
Tương tự y = -z ; z = -x được P = 1
Vậy P = 1
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Bạn tham khảo ở đây nhé.
1. Với mọi số thực x;y;z ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(z^2+1\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}P+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
1.1
ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=a>0\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{2-b^2}=2\\b+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b+\sqrt{2-b^2}-\sqrt{2-a^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\sqrt{2-b^2}+\sqrt{2-a^2}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Thay vào pt đầu:
\(a+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-a^2}=2-a\) (\(a\le2\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2-a^2=4-4a+a^2\Leftrightarrow2a^2-4a+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow x=y=1\)
2.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\x^2-xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+3xy+3y^2=21\\7x^2-7xy+7y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-10xy+4y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu
...
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(x\ge y\ge z\)
\(y^2-yz+z^2=y^2+\left(z-y\right)y\le y^2\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{y^2-yz+z^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{y^2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{z^2-xz+x^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{x^2-xy+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=\dfrac{1}{x^2-xy+y^2}+\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{1}{xy}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2y^2\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{xy}=\dfrac{3}{xy}\ge\dfrac{12}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{12}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(1;1;0\right)\) và hoán vị
Lời giải:
$xy+yz+xz=\frac{1}{2}[(x+y+z)^2-(x^2+y^2+z^2)]=\frac{1}{2}(a^2-b^2)$
$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{c}$
$\Rightarrow xyz=c(xy+yz+xz)=\frac{1}{2}c(a^2-b^2)$
Khi đó:
$P=(x+y+z)^3-3(x+y)(y+z)(x+z)$
$=(x+y+z)^3-3[(x+y+z)(xy+yz+xz)-xyz]=(x+y+z)^3-3(xy+yz+xz)(x+y+z)+3xyz$
$=a^3-\frac{3}{2}a(a^2-b^2)+\frac{3}{2}c(a^2-b^2)$
Ta có:
\(x^2+1=x^2+xy+yz+zx\)
\(=x\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^2+1=\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)\\z^2+1=\left(z+y\right)\left(z+x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(z+x\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+x\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(z+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
\(=x\left|y+z\right|+y\left|z+x\right|+z\left|x+y\right|\)
TH1: x,y,z <0
\(A=-x\left(y+z\right)-y\left(z+x\right)-z\left(x+y\right)=-2\)
TH2: x,y,z>0
\(A=x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)=2\)
Ta có \(1+z^2=xy+yz+zx+z^2\)
\(=y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
CMTT, \(1+x^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\) và \(1+y^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
Do đó \(\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+z^2\right)}{1+x^2}}\) \(=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)^2}\) \(=\left|y+z\right|\)
Tương tự như thế, ta được
\(A=x\left|y+z\right|+y\left|z+x\right|+z\left|x+y\right|\)
Cái này không tính ra số cụ thể được nhé bạn. Nó còn phải tùy vào dấu của \(x+y,y+z,z+x\) nữa.