Chứng minh rằng nếu: \(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{b+c}{d+a}\) trong đó a + b + c + d ≠ 0 thì a = c.
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Ta có: \(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(a-b-c+d\right)=\left(a-b+c-d\right)\left(a+b-c-d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+d\right)^2-\left(b+c\right)^2=\left(a-d\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+d-a+d\right)\left(a+d+a-d\right)=\left(b+c-b+c\right)\left(b+c+b-c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2d\cdot2a=2c\cdot2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\)
hay \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đề bài sai
Ví dụ: với \(a=1;b=2;c=3,d=4\) thì \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\) ; \(y=\dfrac{3}{4}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Khi đó \(x< y\) nhưng \(z< y\)
\(\text{Vì }\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\text{ nên }ad< bc\left(1\right)\)
\(\text{Xét tích}:a\left(b+d\right)=ab+ad\left(2\right)\)
\(b\left(a+c\right)=ba+bc\left(3\right)\)
\(\text{Từ(1);(2);(3)}\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\text{ do đó }\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\left(4\right)\)
\(\text{Tương tự ta có:}\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\left(5\right)\)
\(\text{Từ (4);(5) ta được }\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow x< y< z\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
d: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
`a/b<(a+c)/(b+d)`
`<=>a(b+d)<b(a+c)`
`<=>ab+ad<ad<bc`
`<=>ad<bc`
`<=>a/b<c/d`(theo giả thiết)
`(a+c)/(b+d)<c/d`
`<=>d(a+c)<c(b+d)`
`<=>ad+cd<bc+dc`
`<=>ad<bc`
`<=>a/b<c/d`(theo giả thiết)`
`=>a/b<(a+c)/(b+d)<c/d`
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{d}< 0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ad-bc}{bd}< 0\)\(\Leftrightarrow ad-bc< 0\) ( do bc>0) \(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\) (đpcm)
b) \(ad< bc\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)(đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{b}{a}=1+\dfrac{d}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{c+d}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{c+d}{c}\)
Từ \(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{b+c}{d+a}\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(d+a\right)=\left(b+c\right)\left(c+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ad+a^2+bd+ba=bc+bd+c^2+cd\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+a\left(b+d\right)=c^2+c\left(b+d\right)\)
Vì đt trên bằng nhau : \(\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)=c\left(b+d\right)\Leftrightarrow a=c\)
Thanks ạ ^^