Cho ba số a, b, c khác 0 thỏa mãn: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\). Hãy tính \(P=\dfrac{ab}{c^2}+\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}\).
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\(N=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3}{\left(ab\right)\left(bc\right)\left(ca\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}\)
\(N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)
Ta có : \(a^2+ab=c^2+bc\Leftrightarrow a^2-c^2+b\left(a-c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\) ( do a;b;c \(\ne0\Rightarrow a+b+c\ne0\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow a=c\)
Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c
\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=6\)
Vậy ...
Ta có : a2+ab=c2+bc⇔a2−c2+b(a−c)=0a2+ab=c2+bc⇔a2−c2+b(a−c)=0
⇔(a−c)(a+b+c)=0⇔a−c=0⇔(a−c)(a+b+c)=0⇔a−c=0 ( do a;b;c ≠0⇒a+b+c≠0≠0⇒a+b+c≠0 )
⇔a=c⇔a=c
Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c
A=(1+ab)(1+bc)(1+ca)=(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=6A=(1+ab)(1+bc)(1+ca)=(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=6
Vậy ...
Vì: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\) nên:
\(\left(a-1\right).\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab-a-b+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{c}{a+b}\) (1)
\(\left(a-1\right).\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow ac-a-c+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow ac+1\ge a+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{ac+1}\le\dfrac{1}{a+c}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{ac+1}\le\dfrac{b}{a+c}\) (2)
\(\left(b-1\right).\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc-b-c+1\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc+1\ge b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{bc+1}\le\dfrac{1}{b+c}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc+1}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế của (1)(2) và (3) ta được:
\(\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{2.\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{bc+1}+\dfrac{b}{ac+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+1}\le2\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(ab+bc+ca\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+1}\ge\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\le\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}}{2}\)
\(tương\) \(tự\Rightarrow\Sigma\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}}{2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(dấu"="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}}\)
Ta có : \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow a^2+b^2-ab\ge ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}\le\dfrac{1}{ab}=\dfrac{abc}{ab}=c\) ( do $abc=1$ )
Tương tự ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}\le a\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^2-ab+a^2}\le b\)
Cộng vế với vế các BĐT trên có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a^2-ab+b^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac+a^2}\le a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2-ab}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2-bc}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+a^2-ca}\)
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2ab-ab}+\dfrac{1}{2bc-bc}+\dfrac{1}{2ca-ca}=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2+a^2+a^2}}{ab}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(b+a+a\right)^2}}{ab}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{c^2+2b^2}}{bc}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+2c^2}}{ac}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1980\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{1980}\)
\(A=\dfrac{bc}{8a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+8\left(ca\right)^3+8\left(ab\right)^3}{8\left(abc\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(2ca\right)^3+\left(2ab\right)^3}{8\left(abc\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(2ab+2ca\right)^3-3.2ca.2ab\left(2ab+2ca\right)}{8\left(abc\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(-bc\right)^3-3.2ca.2ab.\left(-bc\right)}{8\left(abc\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{12\left(abc\right)^2}{8\left(abc\right)^2}=\dfrac{12}{8}\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow \frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc=-ac\). Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{ab}{c^2}+\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}=\frac{(ab)^3+(bc)^3+(ca)^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{(ab+bc)^3-3(ab)^2bc-3ab(bc)^2+(ca)^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{(-ac)^3-3ab^2c(ab+bc)+(ca)^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3ab^2c(ab+bc)}{a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{-3ab^2c.(-ac)}{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
@Akai Haruma Góp ý nhỏ ạ. Chị nên đọc đề trước khi trả lời, Bản chất bài này đề sai,Cái đầu là ab chứ ko phải ac. Em nghĩ chị nên có từ sửa đề ở đầu bài giải