1) Hoa tan 20g NaOH vao 500ml nuoc thu duoc dung dich A
a) Tinh nong do cac ion trong dd A
b) Tinh the tich dung dich HCl 2M de trung hoa dd A
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\(a.n_{NaOH}=1.0,15=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{KOH}=0,5.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[NaOH\right]=\dfrac{0,15}{0,15+0,1}=0,6\left(M\right)\\ \left[K^+\right]=\left[KOH\right]=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1+0,15}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=0,2+0,6=0,8\left(M\right)\\ b.2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(n_{KOH}+n_{NaOH}\right)=\dfrac{0,15+0,05}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a=C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
1.
Theo đề bài ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}nAl=\dfrac{0,54}{27}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\nH2SO4=\dfrac{120.4,9}{100.98}=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+3H2SO4->Al2\left(So4\right)3+3H2\uparrow\)
0,02mol...0,03mol.......0,01mol.............0,03mol
Theo PTHH ta có : nAl = \(\dfrac{0,02}{2}mol< nH2SO4=\dfrac{0,06}{2}mol=>nH2SO4\left(dư\right)\) ( tính theo nal)
=> VH2(đktc) = 0,03.22,4 = 6,72(l)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%ddH2SO4\left(dư\right)=\dfrac{\left(0,06-0,03\right).98}{0,54+120-0,03.2}.100\%\approx2,44\%\\C\%ddAl2\left(SO4\right)3=\dfrac{0,01.302}{0,54+120-0,03.2}.100\%\approx2,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo đề bài ta có : nNa2O = \(\dfrac{15,5}{62}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
a) PTHH :
\(Na2O+H2O->2NaOH\)
0,25mol....0,25mol.....0,5mol
b) Nồng độ mol dd A là :
CMddNaOH = 0,5/0,5 = 1(M)
c) PTHH :
\(2NaOH+H2SO4->Na2SO4+H2O\)
0,5mol.........0,25mol
=> mddH2SO4 = \(\dfrac{0,25.98}{20}.100=122,5\left(g\right)=>VddH2SO4=\dfrac{122,5}{1,14}\approx107,5\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=n_{HNO_3}=V\)mol
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,5.0,2=0,1\) mol
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,1<--0,1
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=V=0,1\)lít = 100 ml
\(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)
0,1 -----> 0,1 ---------->0,1
\(NaNO_3\rightarrow Na^++NO_3^-\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1+0,2}=0,33M\)
K2O+H2O=2KOH
nK2O=9,4/94=0,1 mol
Cứ 1 mol K2O=> 2mol KOH
0,1 0,2
CM=0,2/0,5=0,4 M
KOH+HCl=>KCl+H2O
Cứ 1 mol KOH=> 1mol HCl
0,2 0,2
mHcl=0,2.36,5=7,3 g
mdung dịch HCl=7,3.100/30=24,3 g
V =24,3/1,2=20,25 l
\(a)n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\cdot0,2\cdot2=0,02mol\\ pH=1\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=0,1M\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,1\cdot0,3=0,03mol\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+n_{HCl}=0,02+0,03=0,05mol\\ \Rightarrow C_M=\dfrac{0,05}{0,5}=0,1M\Rightarrow pH=1\)
\(a.n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{40}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\right]=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\\ b.HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)