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Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)
b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)
Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)
∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)
PTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5yPTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5y
nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)
(1)−→(2){x=0,1y=0,2→(2)(1){x=0,1y=0,2
a) %mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%
→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%
b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)
mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)
c) mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)
mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)
a, PTHH:
\(A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(2\right)\)
\(AlCl_3+4NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+3NaCl+2H_2O\)
b, Ta có \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{NaAlO_2}=\dfrac{2,7}{82}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{AlCl_3}=0,045\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=27.0,03=0,81\left(g\right)\\n_A=n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}-n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_A=2,49-0,81=1,68\left(g\right)\\n_A=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{1,68}{0,03}=56\left(g/mol\right)\Rightarrow A\) là \(Fe\)
c, \(m_{\text{muối}}=m_{FeCl_2}+m_{AlCl_3}\)
\(=127.n_{Fe}+133,5.n_{Al}\)
\(=127.0,03+133,5.0,03=7,815\left(g\right)\)
a:
Cu không tác dụng với HCl
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Mg}=0.2\cdot24=4.8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%Mg=\dfrac{4.8}{10}=48\%\)
b: \(m_{MgCl_2}=0.2\left(24+35.5\cdot2\right)=19\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(Saupư\right)}=4.8+90-0.2\cdot2=94.4\)
=>\(C\%=\dfrac{19}{94.4}\simeq20,13\%\)
n Al = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)
=> 27a + 56b = 20,65(1)
2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a...........1,5a............0,5a............1.5a..(mol)
Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
b...........b..............b............b......(mol)
=> n H2 = 1,5a + b = 0,725(2)
Từ 1,2 suy ra a = 0,35 ; b = 0,2
Suy ra :
%m Al = 0,35.27/20,65 .100% = 45,76%
%m Fe = 100% -45,76% = 54,24%
m H2SO4 = (1,5a + b).98 = 71,05 gam
m muối = m kim loại + m H2SO4 -m H2 = 20,65 + 71,05 -0,725.2 = 90,25 gam
$a\bigg)$
Đặt $n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)$
$\to 27x+56y=22(1)$
BTe: $1,5x+y=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8(2)$
Từ $(1)(2)\to x=0,4(mol);y=0,2(mol)$
$\to \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{22}.100\%\approx 49,09\%$
$\to \%m_{Fe}=100-49,09=50,91\%$
$b\bigg)$
Bảo toàn H: $n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=1,6(mol)$
$\to m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,6.36,5}{25\%}=233,6(g)$
$\to m_{dd\, sau}=22+233,6-0,8.2=254(g)$
Bảo toàn Al,Fe: $n_{AlCl_3}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=0,2(mol)$
$\to \begin{cases} C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,4.133,5}{254}.100\%\approx 21,02\%\\ C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{254}.100\%=10\% \end{cases}$
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ a............3a.......a.........1,5a\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ b.........2b........b.........b\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=5,5\\1,5a+b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,5}.100\approx49,091\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{5,5}.100\approx50,909\%\end{matrix}\right.\\ b.C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{3a+2b}{0,5}=\dfrac{3.0,1+2.0,05}{0,5}=0,8\left(M\right)\)
a)Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe trong hỗn hợp ban đầu (x,y>0)
Sau phản ứng hỗn hợp muối khan gồm: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl_3:x\left(mol\right)\\FeCl_2:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=13,9\\133,5x+127y=38\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\approx0,0896\\y\approx0,205\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,0896\cdot27\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx17,4\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,205\cdot56\cdot100\%}{13,9}\approx82,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo Bảo toàn nguyên tố Cl, H ta có:\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}=\dfrac{3n_{AlCl_3}+2n_{FeCl_2}}{2}\\ =\dfrac{3\cdot0,0896+2\cdot0,205}{2}=0,3394mol\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3394\cdot22,4\approx7,6l\)
PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
a, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 27x + 56y = 5,5 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+y\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ x = 0,1 (mol), y = 0,05 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{5,5}.100\%\approx49,09\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx50,91\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,05}=8M\)
c, Theo p/a, ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT: \(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_{3\downarrow}+3NaCl\)
_____0,1_______________0,1 (mol)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Fe\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}+2NaCl\)
0,05________________0,05 (mol)
⇒ m kết tủa = mAl(OH)3 + mFe(OH)2 = 0,1.78 + 0,05.90 = 12,3 (g)
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