chứng minh rằng
1/2<1/2*3+1/3*3+....+1/n*3+...+1/2017*3<505/2018 ( với mọi n>1)
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\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^3}+\dfrac{1}{2017^3}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^3}+\dfrac{1}{2017^3}>\dfrac{1}{8}>\dfrac{1}{12}\left(1\right)\)
Xét thừa số tổng quát: \(\dfrac{1}{n^3}< \dfrac{1}{n^3-n}=\dfrac{1}{n\left(n^2-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
Hay:
\(A< \dfrac{1}{1.2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016.2017.2018}\)
\(A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}-\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}-\dfrac{1}{3.4}+..+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016.2017}-\dfrac{1}{2017.2018}\right)\)
\(A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2017.2018}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2.2017.2018}< \dfrac{1}{4}< \dfrac{505}{5028}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có đpcm
Mình cảm ơn bạn nhiều lắm Mong bạn có thể giúp đỡ mình trong những cơ hội nhé thank you😊😊😊😊😊
Câu b đề sai nha, bây giờ đặt \(a=\sqrt{2017},b=\sqrt{2018}\)
Ta có \(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{a}< a+b\Leftrightarrow ab\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{a}\right)< ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3< ab\left(a+b\right)\)(1)
Mà \(ab\left(a+b\right)\le\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)=a^3+b^3\)(2)
Từ (1), (2) => Sai
a) Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\frac{k+1-k}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}\right)\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}\)\(< \frac{2\sqrt{k+1}\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{\sqrt{k+1}\sqrt{k}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{k+1}}\)
Cho k=1,2,....,n rồi cộng từng vế ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< \left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}\right)+....+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}}< 2\)
\(N=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2018}}\)
=> \(3N=1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2017}}\)
=> \(3N-N=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2017}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{2018}}\right)\)
<=> \(2N=1-\frac{1}{3^{2018}}< 1\)
<=> \(N< \frac{1}{2}\)
=> dpcm
Đặt P = ...
* Chứng minh P > 1/2 :
\(P\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)^2}{n+1+n+2+n+3+...+n+n}\)
Từ \(n+1\) đến \(n+n\) có n số => tổng \(\left(n+1\right)+\left(n+2\right)+\left(n+3\right)+...+\left(n+n\right)\) là:
\(\frac{n\left(n+n+n+1\right)}{2}=\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\ge\frac{n^2}{\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}}=\frac{2n}{3n+1}\)
Mà \(n>1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(4n>3n+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{n}{3n+1}>\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P>\frac{1}{2}\)
* Chứng minh P < 3/4 :
Có: \(\frac{1}{n+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+3}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{n+n}=\frac{1}{2n}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(n.\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{2}{4}< \frac{3}{4}\) ( do n>1 )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< \frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có\(\frac{3}{9.14}+\frac{3}{14.19}+...+\frac{3}{\left(5n-1\right)\left(5n+4\right)}=\frac{3}{5}\left(\frac{5}{9.14}+\frac{5}{14.19}+...+\frac{5}{\left(5n-1\right)\left(5n+4\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{5}\left(\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{14}+\frac{1}{14}-\frac{1}{19}+...+\frac{1}{5n-1}-\frac{1}{5n+4}\right)=\frac{3}{5}\left(\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{5n+4}\right)=\frac{1}{15}-\frac{3}{25n+20}\)(1)
kết hợp điều kiện ta có \(\frac{3}{25n+20}\ge\frac{3}{25.2+20}=\frac{3}{70}>0\)
=> \(\frac{3}{9.14}+\frac{3}{14.19}+...+\frac{3}{\left(5n-1\right)\left(5n+4\right)}< \frac{1}{15}\)(đpcm)
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