Cho a, b, c, d là các số dương. Chứng minh: \(1< \dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}+\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\)
K
Khách
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Những câu hỏi liên quan
3 tháng 4 2023
Bài làm :
Ta có : \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT (1) ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}=\dfrac{a^2+ad+bc+c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(d+a\right)}\ge\dfrac{4\left(a^2+ad+bc+c^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\left(2\right)\)
Tương tự : \(\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4\left(b^2+ab+cd+d^2\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\left(3\right)\)
Cộng các về của các BĐT (2) và (3) ta được :
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ad+bc+ab+cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{2\left(2a^2+2b^2+2c^2+2d^2+2ad+2bc+2ab+2cd\right)}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+d}+\dfrac{c}{d+a}+\dfrac{d}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{2[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(a+d\right)^2]}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=2B\)
Ta dễ dàng chứng minh được : \(B\ge1\)
Thật vậy :
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(a+d\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+d\right)^2+\left(d+a\right)^2\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Dấu đằng thức xảy ra : \(\Leftrightarrow a=c;b=d\)
28 tháng 6 2021
`a/b<(a+c)/(b+d)`
`<=>a(b+d)<b(a+c)`
`<=>ab+ad<ad<bc`
`<=>ad<bc`
`<=>a/b<c/d`(theo giả thiết)
`(a+c)/(b+d)<c/d`
`<=>d(a+c)<c(b+d)`
`<=>ad+cd<bc+dc`
`<=>ad<bc`
`<=>a/b<c/d`(theo giả thiết)`
`=>a/b<(a+c)/(b+d)<c/d`
30 tháng 10 2021
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
b) Tham khảo:https://olm.vn/hoi-dap/tim-kiem?q=cho+c%C3%A1c+s%E1%BB%91+h%E1%BB%AFu+t%E1%BB%89+a/b+v%C3%A0+c/d+v%E1%BB%9Bi+m%E1%BA%ABu+d%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+,+trong+%C4%91%C3%B3+a/b+%3Cc/d+.+c/m+r%E1%BA%B1ng+a)+a.d+%3Cb.c+b)+a/b+%3C+(a+c)/(b+d)%3Cc/d+&id=174343
30 tháng 10 2021
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\\b,d>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}.bd< \dfrac{c}{d}.bd\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
b) Ta có: \(ad< bc\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\left(1\right)\)(do \(b,d>0\))
\(bc>ad\Rightarrow bc+cd>ad+cd\)
\(\Rightarrow c\left(b+d\right)>d\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{d}>\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
2 tháng 8 2023
Điều kiện đã cho có thể được viết lại thành \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+d}+\dfrac{d}{d+a}=2\)
hay \(1-\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+1-\dfrac{c}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a+b}-\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{d}{c+d}-\dfrac{d}{d+a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2+bc-ab-b^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d^2+da-cd-d^2}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{d\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(c-a\right)\left[\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{d}{\left(c+d\right)\left(d+a\right)}\) (do \(c\ne a\))
\(\Leftrightarrow b\left(cd+ca+d^2+da\right)=d\left(ab+ac+b^2+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bcd+abc+bd^2+abd=abd+acd+b^2d+bcd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc+bd^2-acd-b^2d=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(b-d\right)-bd\left(b-d\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-d\right)\left(ac-bd\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac=bd\) (do \(b\ne d\))
Do đó \(A=abcd=ac.ac=\left(ac\right)^2\), mà \(a,c\inℕ^∗\) nên A là SCP (đpcm)
HQ
15 tháng 2 2021
thử bài bất :D
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{a}{2}+\dfrac{b+c}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}.\dfrac{a^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) ( AM-GM cho 5 số ) (*)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{c+a}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}.\dfrac{b^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (**)
\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{c}{2}+\dfrac{a+b}{4}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}.\dfrac{c^3}{2^3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}}=\dfrac{5}{2}\) (AM-GM cho 5 số) (***)
Cộng (*),(**),(***) vế theo vế ta được:
\(P+\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow P+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\dfrac{15}{2}\)
Mà: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\) ( AM-GM 3 số )
Từ đây: \(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{15}{2}-2\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
HQ
15 tháng 2 2021
1. \(a^3+b^3+c^3+d^3=2\left(c^3-d^3\right)+c^3+d^3=3c^3-d^3\) :D
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
23 tháng 3 2022
Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+b+c+d\right)\left(1+b+c+d\right)\ge\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+b+c+d}\le\dfrac{1+b+c+d}{16}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^2+c+d+a}\le\dfrac{1+c+d+a}{16}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{c^2+d+a+b}\le\dfrac{1+d+a+b}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{d^2+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1+a+b+c}{16}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{4+3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{16}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)