cho x, y ,z là các số dương cm\(\dfrac{1}{x}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{y}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{z}\)>=\(\dfrac{4}{x+y+z}\)
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Áp dụng bđt phụ \(\dfrac{1}{A+B}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{A}+\dfrac{1}{B}\right)\forall A,B>0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Này Nguyễn Trọng Chiến, mk ko hiểu cái chỗ \(\dfrac{1}{4}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)??? Sao suy ra được vậy bn??
\(\dfrac{1}{x+x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Mk ko hiểu cái dòng đầu Nguyễn Việt Lâm Giáo viên, bn có thể nói chi tiết cách phân tích cho mk đc ko??
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{x+1}=a,\dfrac{1}{y+1}=b,\dfrac{1}{z+1}=c\Rightarrow a,b,c>0;a+b+c=1.\)
\(x=\dfrac{1}{a}-1\)
Cần chứng minh: \(\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}-1}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-1\right)}\)
Hay \(\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\prod\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\right)}\)
Hay là \(\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{b+c}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\prod\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{a\left(a+b+c\right)}}\)
Tương đương: \(\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{b+c}{a}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\sqrt{\prod\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{a}}\)
\(\left[\sum\left(b+c\right)\left\{a+2\left(b+c\right)\right\}\right]\left[\sum\dfrac{1}{a\left\{a+2\left(b+c\right)\right\}}\right]\ge\left[\sum\sqrt{\dfrac{b+c}{a}}\right]^2\)
Từ đây cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9}{4}\prod\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)}{a}\ge\left[\sum\left(b+c\right)\left\{a+2\left(b+c\right)\right\}\right]\left[\sum\dfrac{1}{a\left\{a+2\left(b+c\right)\right\}}\right]\)
Còn lại bạn tự làm hoặc không để tối rảnh mình làm.
Do hoc24.vn không cho cập nhật câu trả lời nữa nên mình đăng tiếp:
Thực hiện thay thế \(\left(a,b,c\right)\rightarrow\left(s-a',s-b',s-c'\right)\) với $a',b',c'$ là độ dài ba cạnh của một tam giác.
Đặt $\left\{ \begin{array}{l}a' + b' + c' = 2s\\a'b' + b'c' + c'a' = {s^2} + 4Rr + {r^2}\\a'b'c' = 4sRr\end{array} \right.$
Bất đẳng thức quy về:
$${\dfrac { \left( 4\,R-24\,r \right) {s}^{4}+r \left( 72\,{R}^{2}+41\,Rr+8\,{r}^{2} \right) {s}^{2}+2\,{r}^{2} \left( 4\,R+r \right) ^{3}}{r{s}^{2} \left( 4\,{s}^{2}+r \left( 8\,R+r \right) \right) }}\geqslant 0$$
\( \Leftrightarrow \left( {4{\mkern 1mu} R - 24{\mkern 1mu} r} \right){s^4} + r\left( {72{\mkern 1mu} {R^2} + 41{\mkern 1mu} Rr + 8{\mkern 1mu} {r^2}} \right){s^2} + 2{\mkern 1mu} {r^2}{\left( {4{\mkern 1mu} R + r} \right)^3} \geqslant 0\)
Hay là \({s^2}\left( {R - 2{\mkern 1mu} r} \right)\left( {9{\mkern 1mu} {r^2} + 4{\mkern 1mu} {s^2}} \right) + r\left[ {10{\mkern 1mu} {s^2}\left( {4{\mkern 1mu} {R^2} + 4{\mkern 1mu} Rr + 3{\mkern 1mu} {r^2} - {s^2}} \right) + \left( {8{\mkern 1mu} Rr + 2{\mkern 1mu} {r^2} + 2{\mkern 1mu} {s^2}} \right)\left( {16{\mkern 1mu} {R^2} + 8{\mkern 1mu} Rr + {r^2} - 3{\mkern 1mu} {s^2}} \right)} \right] \geqslant 0\)
Đây là điều hiển nhiên.
Ngoài ra phương pháp SOS, SS cũng có thể sử dụng ở đây.
Bổ đề:\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Ta có:\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+z}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:\(\dfrac{1}{2y+z+x}\le\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2z+x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2y+z+x}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left[4\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{16}.4.4=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Sửa đề: \(\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{y}{y+1}+\dfrac{z}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{y}{y+1}+\dfrac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{y+1}{y+1}-\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{z+1}{z+1}-\dfrac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=1-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{y+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=3-\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\) ( vì \(x+y+z=1\) )
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3-\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x+1=y+1=z+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(Max_P=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng BĐT BSC:
\(F=\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)+\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{4}{y}+\dfrac{4}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)
\(maxF=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\geq \frac{16}{3x+3y+2z}\)
\(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\geq \frac{16}{3x+2y+3z}\)
\(\frac{1}{z+y}+\frac{1}{z+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}\geq \frac{16}{2x+3y+3z}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow 4\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\geq 16\left(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\leq \frac{4.6}{16}=\frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)(x+y+z)\geq (1+1+1)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)(x+y+z)\geq 9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}> \frac{4}{x+y+z}\)
Vậy BĐT đã cho được cm. Dấu bằng không xảy ra .