Cho a, b, c khác 0: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\)
Tính M = \(\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}\)
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Ta có : \(a^2+ab=c^2+bc\Leftrightarrow a^2-c^2+b\left(a-c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\) ( do a;b;c \(\ne0\Rightarrow a+b+c\ne0\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow a=c\)
Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c
\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=6\)
Vậy ...
Ta có : a2+ab=c2+bc⇔a2−c2+b(a−c)=0a2+ab=c2+bc⇔a2−c2+b(a−c)=0
⇔(a−c)(a+b+c)=0⇔a−c=0⇔(a−c)(a+b+c)=0⇔a−c=0 ( do a;b;c ≠0⇒a+b+c≠0≠0⇒a+b+c≠0 )
⇔a=c⇔a=c
Làm tương tự ; ta có : a = b . Suy ra : a = b = c
A=(1+ab)(1+bc)(1+ca)=(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=6A=(1+ab)(1+bc)(1+ca)=(1+1)(1+1)(1+1)=6
Vậy ...
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2ab-ab}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{bc}};\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}\)
=>P<=1/a+1/b+1/c=3
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{b+c}{bc}=\dfrac{c+a}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a^2+a^2+a^2}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=1\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=-\dfrac{1}{c}\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^3=\left(-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+3.\dfrac{1}{ab}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=-\dfrac{1}{c^3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}+3.\dfrac{1}{ab}.\left(-\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}-\dfrac{3}{abc}=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\Leftrightarrow abc.\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)=\dfrac{3abc}{abc}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=3\Leftrightarrow P=3\)Vậy khi \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\) thì P=3
Phần chứng minh (*) khá quen thuộc, áp dụng phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử và kiến thức chuyển vế, bạn có thể tham khảo thêm
\(N=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3}{\left(ab\right)\left(bc\right)\left(ca\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}\)
\(N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+abc}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ac}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+ab+bc+ac}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3a}{4}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại ta có :
\(VT+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Leftrightarrow \frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc=-ac\). Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{ab}{c^2}+\frac{bc}{a^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2}=\frac{(ab)^3+(bc)^3+(ca)^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{(ab+bc)^3-3(ab)^2bc-3ab(bc)^2+(ca)^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{(-ac)^3-3ab^2c(ab+bc)+(ca)^3}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3ab^2c(ab+bc)}{a^2b^2c^2}=\frac{-3ab^2c.(-ac)}{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
Ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ac}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{abc}{a^3}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3}\)
\(M=abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)\)
Áp dụng hằng đẳng thức mở rộng ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
Hay: \(M=abc\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3}{abc}\right]\)
\(M=abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{ab}-\dfrac{1}{bc}-\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3abc}{abc}\)
\(M=0+3=3\)
bn ơi cho hỏi hằng đẳng thức mở rộng bn lấy ở đâu tek