Với các số thực dương, chứng minh:\(\frac{a^3}{d}+\frac{b^3}{c}\ge\sqrt{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^3}{c^2+d^2}}\)
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Bai 1: Ap dung BDT Bunhiacopxki ta co:
\(ax+by+cz+2\sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+xz)} \)
\(≤ \sqrt {(a^2+b^2+c^2)(x^2+y^2+z^2)} + \sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+zx)}+\sqrt {(ab+ac+bc)(xy+yz+zx)}\)
\(≤ \sqrt {(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc)(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx)}\)
\(= (a+b+c)(x+y+z)\)
=> \(Q.E.D\)
Tiep bai 4:Ta co:
BDT <=> \((2+y^2z)(2+z^2x)(2+x^2y)≥(2+x)(2+y)(2+z)\)
Sau khi khai trien con: \(2(z^2x+y^2z+x^2y)+x^2z+z^2y+y^2x≥xy+yz+zx+2x+2y+2z \)
Ap dung BDT Cosi ta co:
\(z^2x+x ≥ 2zx \) <=> \(z^2x≥2zx-x\)
Lam tuong tu ta co: \(2(z^2x+y^2z+x^2y)≥4xy+4yz+4zx-2x-2y-2z \)(1)
\(x^2z+{1\over z}≥2x \) <=> \(x^2z≥2x-xy \) (do xyz=1)
Lam tuong tu ta co: \(x^2z+z^2y+y^2x≥ 2y+2z+2x-xy-yz-zx\)(2)
Cong (1) voi (2) ta co: VT\(≥ 3(xy+yz+zx)\)(*)
Voi cach lam tuong tu ta cung duoc: VT\(≥ 3(x+y+z) \)(**)
Tu (*) va (**) suy ra : \(3 \)VT \(≥ 6(x+y+z)+3(xy+yz+zx) \)
<=> VT \(≥ 2(x+y+z)+xy+yz+zx\)
=> \(Q.E.D\)
Đặt \(P=\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{b^4}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{c^4}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^2}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}.\frac{a+2}{27}.\frac{b+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4a}{9}\)(1)
\(\frac{b^4}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{b^2}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}.\frac{b+2}{27}.\frac{c+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4b}{9}\)(2)
\(\frac{c^4}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\frac{c+2}{27}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{c^2}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+2\right)}.\frac{c+2}{27}.\frac{a+2}{27}.\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{4c}{9}\)(3)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\)ta được:
\(P+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)+12}{27}+\frac{3}{9}\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{9}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(đpcm\right)\)Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
3a) ta có \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}=a-\frac{ab}{a+b}>=a-\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
vì \(a,b>0,a+b>=2\sqrt{ab}nên\frac{ab}{a+b}< =\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
tương tự \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}=b-\frac{bc}{b+c}>=b-\frac{bc}{2\sqrt{bc}}=b-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\)
tương tự \(\frac{c^2}{c+a}=c-\frac{ca}{c+a}>=c-\frac{ca}{2\sqrt{ca}}=c-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}\)
cộng từng vế BĐT ta được \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}>=a+b+c-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}}{2}\left(1\right)\)
giả sử \(\frac{2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}}{2}>=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
<=> \(2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}>=a+b+c\)
<=> \(a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}>=0\)
<=> \(2a+2b+2c-2\sqrt{ab}-2\sqrt{bc}-2\sqrt{ca}>=0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2>=0\)
(đúng với mọi a,b,c >0) (2)
(1),(2)=> \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}>=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bạn có thể tham khảo cách này
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{2}{b}=y\\\frac{3}{c}=z\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x+y+z=3\)
BĐT thành \(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{z^3}{z^2+x^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(1\right)\)
ta sẽ dùng Bđt Cói \(\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}=x-\frac{xy^2}{x^2+y^2}\ge x-\frac{xy^2}{2xy}=x-\frac{y}{2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại
\(\left(1\right)\ge x+y+z-\frac{x+y+z}{2}=3-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=z=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\c=3\end{cases}}\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{a}\\y=\frac{2}{b}\\z=\frac{3}{c}\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó ta có BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(P=\frac{x^3}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{y^3}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{z^3}{z^2+x^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(P\ge\frac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2y+y^2z+z^2x+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2}\)
Ta cũng có: \(3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(=x^3+y^3+z^3+xy^2+yz^2+zx^2+x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\)
\(\ge3\left(x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2y+y^2z+z^2x\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(xy^2+yz^2+zx^2\le x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = khi \(x=y=z\)hay\(\hept{\begin{cases}a=1\\b=2\\b=3\end{cases}}\)
1) Áp dụng bunhiacopxki ta được \(\sqrt{\left(2a^2+b^2\right)\left(2a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(2a^2+bc\right)^2}=2a^2+bc\), tương tự với các mẫu ta được vế trái \(\le\frac{a^2}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{b^2}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{c^2}{2c^2+ab}\le1< =>\)\(1-\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+1-\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+1-\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\le2< =>\)
\(\frac{bc}{2a^2+bc}+\frac{ac}{2b^2+ac}+\frac{ab}{2c^2+ab}\ge1\)<=> \(\frac{b^2c^2}{2a^2bc+b^2c^2}+\frac{a^2c^2}{2b^2ac+a^2c^2}+\frac{a^2b^2}{2c^2ab+a^2b^2}\ge1\) (1)
áp dụng (x2 +y2 +z2)(m2+n2+p2) \(\ge\left(xm+yn+zp\right)^2\)
(2a2bc +b2c2 + 2b2ac+a2c2 + 2c2ab+a2b2). VT\(\ge\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2\) <=> (ab+bc+ca)2. VT \(\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2< =>VT\ge1\) ( vậy (1) đúng)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c
Áp dụng Holder:
\(24VT=\left(1+1+1+1+1+1\right)\left(a^3+a^3+c^3+c^3+b^3+b^3\right)\left(\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}\right)\ge\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)^3\)
Mà \(\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)^2\ge36\)( AM-GM)
\(24VT\ge36\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VF\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c .
P/s: BĐT holder: \(\left(a_1^n+a^n_2+...a_3^n\right)\left(b_1^n+b_2^n+...b_n^n\right)...\left(z_1^n+z_2^n+...z_n^n\right)\ge\left(a_1.b_1..z_1+a_2.b_2..z_2+...+a_n.b_n.z_n\right)^n\)
Bài 1:
Ta có: \(\frac{ab}{a+b}=ab.\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)=\frac{b}{4}+\frac{a}{4}\)
Tương tự các BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế ta có d9pcm.
Bài 2: 2 bài đều dùng Svac cả!
Câu 1:
\(4\sqrt[4]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+4\right)\left(c-2\right)\left(d-3\right)}\le a+1+b+4+c-2+d-3=a+b+c+d\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a = -1; b = -4; c = 2; d= 3
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^2b}\ge\frac{2}{b^3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}\ge\frac{2}{b^3}-\frac{1}{a^2b}\)
\(\frac{2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\ge\frac{3}{a^2b}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a^2b}\le\frac{2}{3a^3}+\frac{1}{3b^3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\Sigma\frac{a^2}{b^5}\ge\Sigma\left(\frac{5}{3b^3}-\frac{2}{3a^3}\right)=\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\frac{1}{d^3}\)