Tìm GTNN của \(A=\sqrt{2x^2-31x+1111}-\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{5y-21+y^2}\)
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Lời giải:
Ta có: \(5x^2+6xy+5y^2=3(x^2+y^2+2xy)+2(x^2+y^2)\)
\(=3(x+y)^2+2(x^2+y^2)\geq 3(x+y)^2+(x+y)^2\) (theo BĐT AM-GM)
\(\Leftrightarrow 5x^2+6xy+5y^2\geq 4(x+y)^2\Rightarrow \sqrt{5x^2+6xy+5y^2}\geq 2(x+y)\)
Thực hiện tương tự với những biểu thức còn lại suy ra:
\(P\geq \frac{2(x+y)}{x+y+2z}+\frac{2(y+z)}{y+z+2x}+\frac{2(z+x)}{z+x+2y}\)
\(P\geq 2\left(\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}+\frac{y+z}{y+z+2x}+\frac{z+x}{z+x+2y}\right)=2\left(\frac{(x+y)^2}{(x+y+2z)(x+y)}+\frac{(y+z)^2}{(y+z+2x)(y+z)}+\frac{(z+x)^2}{(z+x+2y)(z+x)}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P\geq 2.\frac{(x+y+y+z+z+x)^2}{(x+y+2z)(x+y)+(y+z+2x)(y+z)+(z+x+2y)(z+x)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\geq 2. \frac{4(x+y+z)^2}{2(x+y+z)^2+2(xy+yz+xz)}=\frac{4(x+y+z)^2}{(x+y+z)^2+xy+yz+xz}\)
\(\geq \frac{4(x+y+z)^2}{(x+y+z)^2+\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}}=3\) (theo AM-GM \(xy+yz+xz\leq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{3}\))
Vậy \(P\geq 3\Leftrightarrow P_{\min}=3\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)
\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)
Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được
\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)
2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)
Dấu"=" khi a = 4b
nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)
khi đó a + b = 1
mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(5x^2+2xy+2y^2-\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2+2xy+2y^2\ge4x^2+4xy+y^2=\left(2x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x}=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+x+y}+\dfrac{9}{y+y+z}+\dfrac{9}{z+z+x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
1.
\(y=\sqrt{5-2\cos ^2x\sin ^2x}=\sqrt{5-\frac{1}{2}(2\cos x\sin x)^2}=\sqrt{5-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x}\)
Dễ thấy:
$\sin ^22x\geq 0\Rightarrow y=\sqrt{5-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x}\leq \sqrt{5}$
Vậy $y_{\max}=\sqrt{5}$
$\sin ^22x\leq 1\Rightarrow y=\sqrt{5-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x}\geq \sqrt{5-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}$
Vậy $y_{\min}=\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}$
2.
$y=1+\frac{1}{2}\sin 2x\cos 2x=1+\frac{1}{4}.2\sin 2x\cos 2x$
$=1+\frac{1}{4}\sin 4x$
Vì $-1\leq \sin 4x\leq 1$
$\Rightarrow \frac{5}{4}\leq 1+\frac{1}{4}\sin 4x\leq \frac{3}{4}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{5}{4}\leq y\leq \frac{3}{4}$
Vậy $y_{\max}=\frac{5}{4}; y_{\min}=\frac{3}{4}$
bài 3:
a, đặt x12=y9=z5=kx12=y9=z5=k
=>x=12k,y=9k,z=5k
ta có: ayz=20=> 12k.9k.5k=20
=> (12.9.5)k^3=20
=>540.k^3=20
=>k^3=20/540=1/27
=>k=1/3
=>x=12.1/3=4
y=9.1/3=3
z=5.1/3=5/3
vậy x=4,y=3,z=5/3
b,ta có: x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29
A/D tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9x5=y7=z3=x225=y249=z29=x2+y2−z225+49−9=58565=9
=>x=5.9=45
y=7.9=63
z=3*9=27
vậy x=45,y=63,z=27
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-2;x\ne-1\)
\(M=\dfrac{x^2-2x}{x^3+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x+2}+1+\sqrt{x+2}}{1-\left(x+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2-2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{x^2-2x-\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{x^2-x+1}\)
\(M=-\dfrac{1}{\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}\ge-\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{4}}=-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(M_{min}=-\dfrac{4}{3}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1 : Thực hiện phép tính :
a ) \(\sqrt{9-2\sqrt{20}}+\sqrt{12-2\sqrt{35}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{20}+4}+\sqrt{7-2\sqrt{35}+5}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}\right)}^2\)
\(=\sqrt{5}-2+\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{5}\)
\(=\sqrt{7}-2\)
b ) \(\sqrt{5-\sqrt{21}}-\sqrt{5+\sqrt{21}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(5-\sqrt{21}\right)}{2}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(5+\sqrt{21}\right)}{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{10-2\sqrt{21}}{2}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{10+2\sqrt{21}}{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{7-2\sqrt{21}+3}}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{7+2\sqrt{21}+3}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{7}+\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=-\sqrt{6}\)
Xét\(\sqrt{2x^2-31x+1111}=\sqrt{2\left(x-\dfrac{31}{2}\right)^2+630.5}\ge\sqrt{630.5}\\ -\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{5y-21+y^2}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{\dfrac{109}{4}-\left(y+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{8\sqrt{3}}{109}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\sqrt{630.5}+\dfrac{8\sqrt{3}}{109}\)
Thanh kiu vi na miu :))