Cho a,b,c là các số không âm.C/m:\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\)
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Lời giải:
$\text{VT}=\sum \frac{a^2}{a+b^2}=\sum (a-\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2})$
$=\sum a-\sum \frac{ab^2}{a+b^2}$
$\geq \sum a-\sum \frac{ab^2}{2b\sqrt{a}}$ (theo BĐT AM-GM)
$=\sum a-\frac{1}{2}\sum \sqrt{ab^2}$
$\geq \sum a-\frac{1}{2}\sum \frac{ab+b}{2}$ (AM-GM)
$=\frac{3}{4}\sum a-\frac{1}{4}\sum ab$
Giờ ta chỉ cần cm $\sum a\geq \sum ab$ là bài toán được giải quyết
Thật vậy:
Đặt $\sum ab=t$ thì hiển nhiên $0< t\leq 3$ theo BĐT AM-GM
$(\sum a)^2-(\sum ab)^2=3+2t-t^2=(3-t)(t+1)\geq 0$ với mọi $0< t\leq 3$
$\Rightarrow \sum a\geq \sum ab$
Vậy ta có đcpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{4\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(b+c\le\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}\)
Sau đó làm tiếp như bài đó là được
a/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+ac+a^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^4}{a^3+a^2b+ab^2}+\dfrac{b^4}{b^3+b^2c+bc^2}+\dfrac{c^4}{c^3+ac^2+ca^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+c\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{a+b+c}\)
b/ \(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ac}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}=\dfrac{a^4}{abc}+\dfrac{b^4}{abc}+\dfrac{c^4}{abc}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3abc}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)}{25}-\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{3a-16}{25}=\dfrac{\left(3a-4\right)\left(a-2\right)^2}{25\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)}{25}\)
CMTT \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(b-2\right)}{25}\\\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(c-2\right)}{25}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)+3\left(b-2\right)+3\left(c-2\right)}{25}\ge\dfrac{6}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c-6\right)}{25}=\dfrac{6}{5}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\cdot\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\cdot\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\cdot\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a^2}{b}+\dfrac{2b^2}{c}+\dfrac{2c^2}{a}\ge\dfrac{2a}{c}+\dfrac{2b}{a}+\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
BĐT AM-GM nghĩa là gì vaayh bạn mình không hiểu