Tính biểu thức sau bằng cách nhanh chóng:
\(S=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
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Với \(k\in N;k>0\) Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(k+2\right)-k}{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{k\left(k+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}\right)\)
Áp dụng ta có :
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+.....+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{n\left(n+1\right)-2}{2n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{4n\left(n+1\right)}\)(đpcm)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{4n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{2\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{4n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n\left(n-1\right)+2\left(n-1\right)}{2n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n^2-n+2n-2}{2n^2+2n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{2}{2n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{n^2+n-2}{2n^2+2n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{n^2+n-2}{2n^2+2n}=\frac{n^2+n-2}{2n^2+2n}\) với \(n\ge2\)
Vậy ...
Lời giải: Sử dụng hằng đẳng thức \(\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\) ta có:
Sn=\(\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{1\times2}-\frac{1}{2\times3}\right]+\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{2\times3}-\frac{1}{3\times4}\right]+...\)\(+\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{1\times2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right]=\frac{n\left(n+3\right)}{4\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(S=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(S=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)}+...+\frac{1}{23.24.25}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}-\frac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}+...+\frac{1}{23.24}-\frac{1}{24.25}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{24.25}\right)=\frac{299}{1200}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{2}{23.24.25}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{23.24}-\frac{1}{24.25}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{600}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{299}{600}=\frac{299}{1200}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(2A=\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(2A=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(2A=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
mình áp dụng công thức tổng quát:\(\frac{a}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)...\left(n+a\right)}=\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+a-1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)...\left(n+a\right)}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
<=>\(2A=2\left(\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
<=>\(2A=\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
<=>\(2A=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
<=>\(2A=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-2}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n^2+3n}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n\left(n+3\right)}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
<=>\(A=\frac{n\left(n+3\right)}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}.\frac{1}{2}=\frac{n\left(n+3\right)}{4\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Câu hỏi của GT 6916 - Toán lớp 7 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Bạn tham khảo.
\(S=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{23.24.25}\)
\(S=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{23.24}-\frac{1}{24.25}\right)\)
\(S=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{24.25}\right)\)
\(S=\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{24.50}\)
Dễ thấy với mọi số tự nhiên n > 1 , ta có :
\(\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}-\frac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}\)
Sử dụng hệ thức trên cho từng số hạng trong tổng sau :
\(2S=\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right).n.\left(n+1\right)}+\frac{2}{23.24.25}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+....+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}-\frac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}+...+\frac{1}{23.24}-\frac{1}{24.25}\)
Để ý rằng trong vế phải của hệ thức trên , trừ 2 số hạng đầu và cuối , các số hạng còn lại tạo thành từng cặp đối nhau.
Do đó , có thể rút gọn :
\(2S=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{2}{24.25}=\frac{299}{600}\)
Vậy , ta được \(S=\frac{299}{600}\)
\(D=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
P/S: tham khảo nhé
đến đây bn làm tiếp nha
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+....+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A=\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+....+\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-2}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-2}{4\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
TK nha!!
Ta có: \(S=\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{2}{2.3.4}+...+\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{1}{4}.\frac{1}{2\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Vậy...
Ta nhận thấy:
\(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{3-1}{1.2.3}=\frac{2}{1.2.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}=\frac{4-2}{2.3.4}=\frac{2}{2.3.4}\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{1.2.3}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}\right),\frac{1}{2.3.4}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}\right),...\\ \frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right).\)
Cộng các số hạng của vế trái và các số hạng của vế phải, ta được:
\(S=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}\right)+...+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\\ =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right)\)