Muốn thu được 1,12 lít H2(đkc) người ta cho Al tác dụng với HCl 1M. Tính khối lượng chất tham gia phản ứng và lượng muối thu được
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a, PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2<--0,6<----------0,2<------0,3 (mol)
\(n_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=n\cdot M=0,6\cdot\left(1+35,5\right)=21,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot\left(27+35,5\cdot3\right)=26,7\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: 2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
Ta có: nH2=6,7222,4=0,3(mol)
Theo PT: nHCl=2nH2=0,6(mol)
⇒mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(g)
b, Theo PT: nAl=23nH2=0,2(mol)
⇒mAl=0,2.27=5,4(g)
Bài 1:
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300.19,6\%}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,6}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{3n_{Al}}{2}=\dfrac{3.0,1}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,15=51,3\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{ddsau}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=2,7+300-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1.2=302,4\left(g\right)\\ c,C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{51,3}{302,4}.100\%\approx16,964\%\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,6-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{302,4}.100\%\approx14,583\%\)
Bài 2:
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Hpt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%\approx69,231\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}\approx100\%-69,231\%\approx30,769\%\)
a,\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,15 0,3
Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{1}\) ⇒ H2 pứ hết,Fe dư
\(V_{H_2}=3,36\left(l\right)\) (đề cho)
b, ko tính đc k/lg dd ,chỉ tính đc thể tích dd
\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{14,874}{24,79}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,6 1,2 0,6 (mol)
a, mFe = 0,6.56 = 33,6 (g)
b, mHCl = 1,2.36,5 = 43,8 (g)
Sửa: \(14,7\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200.14,7\%}{100\%.98}=0,3(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)\\ b,n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ c,n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{200+5,4-0,3.2}.100\%=16,7\%\\ c,m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,1.342=34,2(g)\)
Bài 1:
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{26,82}.100\approx20,134\%\\\Rightarrow \%m_{Al_2O_3}\approx79,866\%\\ b,n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{26,82-5,4}{102}=0,21\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=6.0,21+2.0,3=1,86\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,86}{2}=0,93\left(l\right)=930\left(ml\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=930.1,12=1041,6\left(g\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=2.0,21+0,2=0,62\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,62.133,5}{1041,6-0,3.2}.100\approx7,951\%\)
2)
a) Gọi KL và oxit của nó là M và MO
nHCl = 4.0,25 = 1 (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: M + 2HCl --> MCl2 + H2
0,3<-0,6<--------------0,3
MO + 2HCl --> MCl2 + H2O
0,2<---0,4
=> 0,3.MM + 0,2.(MM + 16) = 31,2
=> MM = 56 (g/mol)
=> Kim loại là Sắt (Fe)
b)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,3.56}{31,2}.100\%=53,85\%\\\%m_{FeO}=\dfrac{0,2.72}{31,2}.100\%=46,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Mol: 0,03 0,1 0,03 0,05
mAl=0,03.27=0,9 (g)
mHCl = 0,1.36,5 = 3,65 (g)
\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,03.133,5=4,005\left(g\right)\)