Bài 2. Cho ( a + b + c)2 = 3(ab + bc + ca). Chứng minh rằng a = b = c.
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Ta có: \(\left(a^2+3\right)\left(b^2+3\right)\left(c^2+3\right)=\left(a^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)
\(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}=\frac{a-bc}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}=\frac{a-bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a-bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(a-bc\right)\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}\le\frac{\frac{a-bc}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc}{\left(c+a\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{a-bc}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}\le\frac{b-ca}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b-ca}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}\)\(;\)\(\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{c-ab}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c-ab}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
=> \(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}+\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}+\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{a-bc+b-ca}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{b-ca+c-ab}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc+c-ab}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(1-c\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(1-a\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)\left(1-a\right)}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(1-b\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)\left(1-b\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Biến đổi tương đương:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\ge3\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}\ge3\)
b/ \(VT=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac+bc}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+\frac{ab+ac+bc}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}+2\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)}{9\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\ge\frac{8.3}{9}+\frac{2}{3}=\frac{10}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-bc=x\\b^2-ca=y\\c^2-ab=z\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge0\)
\(\)Đẳng thức cần c/m trở thành: \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xyz\left(1\right)\)
Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 3 số x,y,z, ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{x^3.y^3.z^3}=3xyz\)
=> Đẳng thức (1) luôn đúng với mọi x
Dấu = xảy ra khi: x=y=z hay \(a^2-bc=b^2-ca=c^2-ab\)
và \(a^2+b^2+c^2-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=0\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
(a+b+c)2 ≥ 3(ab+bc+ca) (*)
=>a2+b2+c2+2ab+2bc+2ca ≥ 3ab+3bc+3ca
=>a2+b2+c2 ≥ ab+bc+ca
nhân 2 vào cho 2 vế ta được:
2a2+2b2+2c2 ≥ ≥ 2ab+2bc+2ca
=> (a+b)2+(b+c)2+(c+a)2 ≥ 0 (luôn đúng)
=> (*) đúng
1) Ta có a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0
=> (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (a2 - 2ac + c2) = 0
=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (a - c)2 = 0
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\a-c=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc = 0
<=> (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2 = 0
<=> a-b = 0 và b-c=0 và c-a=0
<=> a=b=c
a^2/b+c + b^2/a+c + c^2=a+b
= a(a/b+c) + b(b/a+c) + c(c/a+b)
= a(a/b+c + 1 - 1) + b(b/a+c + 1 - 1) + c(c/a+b + 1 - 1)
= a(a+b+c/b+c) - a + b(a+b+c/a+c) - b + c(a+b+c/a+b) - c
= (a+b+c)(a/b+c + b/a+c + c/a+b) - (A+b+c)
mà a/b+c + b/a+c + c/a+b = 1
= a+b+c - (a+b+c)
= 0
Ta có : \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2=2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có (a + b + c)2 = 3(ab + bc + ca)
<=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 3ab + 3bc + 3ca
<=> a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ca = 0
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0
<=> (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (c2 - 2ca + a2) = 0
<=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 = 0
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\) (đpcm)