Tìm x,y: 1/x + 1/y + 1/2xy = 1/2
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Ta có \(2=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\Leftrightarrow xy\ge1\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{x^4+y^2+2xy^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^4+2x^2y}\\ \le\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{x^6y^6}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{x^6y^6}}=\dfrac{1}{4xy}+\dfrac{1}{4xy}\\ \le\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
a) \(\left(x+y+1\right)^3=x^3+y^3+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)+1=x^3+y^3+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+1\right)+1=x^3+y^3+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y+xy+1\right)=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left[x\left(1+y\right)+1+y\right]=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)\left(x+y\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1,y+1,x+y\) là các ước của 2.
Ta thấy 6 có 2 dạng phân tích thành tích 3 số nguyên là \(\left(2;1;1\right)\) và\(\left(2;-1;-1\right)\).
- Xét trường hợp \(\left(2;1;1\right)\). Ta có 3 trường hợp nhỏ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\y+1=1\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\y+1=2\\x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\y+1=1\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải ra ta có \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(1;0\right),\left(0;1\right)\).
- Xét trường hợp \(\left(2;-1;-1\right)\). Ta có 3 trường hợp nhỏ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\y+1=-1\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-1\\y+1=2\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) ; \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=-1\\y+1=1\\x+y=2\end{matrix}\right.\).
Giải ra ta có: \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;-2\right),\left(-2;1\right)\).
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;1\right),\left(1;0\right),\left(1;-2\right),\left(-2;1\right)\)
b) \(y^2+2xy-8x^2-5x=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-\left(9x^2+5x\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-9\left(x^2+\dfrac{5}{9}x+\dfrac{25}{324}\right)+\dfrac{25}{36}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-9\left(x+\dfrac{5}{18}\right)^2=\dfrac{47}{36}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6^2.\left(x+y\right)^2-3^2.6^2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{18}\right)^2=47\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6x+6y\right)^2-\left(18x+5\right)^2=47\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6x+6y-18x-5\right)\left(6x+6y+18x+5\right)=47\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(6y-12x-5\right)\left(24x+6y+5\right)=47\)
\(\Rightarrow\)6y-12x-5 và 24x+6y+5 là các ước của 47.
Lập bảng:
6y-12x-5 | 1 | 47 | -1 | -47 |
24x+6y+5 | 47 | 1 | -47 | -1 |
x | 1 | \(\dfrac{-14}{9}\left(l\right)\) | \(\dfrac{-14}{9}\left(l\right)\) | 1 |
y | 3 | \(\dfrac{50}{9}\left(l\right)\) | \(-\dfrac{22}{9}\left(l\right)\) | -5 |
Vậy pt đã cho có 2 nghiệm (x;y) nguyên là (1;3) và (1;-5)
\(2xy^2+x+y-1=x^2+2y^2+xy\\\Leftrightarrow 2xy^2+x+y-1-x^2-2y^2-xy=0\\\Leftrightarrow(2xy^2-2y^2)-(xy-y)-(x^2-x)=1\\\Leftrightarrow2y^2(x-1)-y(x-1)-x(x-1)=1\\\Leftrightarrow(x-1)(2y^2-y-x)=1\)
Vì \(x,y\) nguyên \(\Rightarrow x-1;2y^2-y-x\) có giá trị nguyên
Mà: \(\left(x-1\right)\left(2y^2-y-x\right)=1\)
Do đó ta có các trường hợp xảy ra là:
\(+,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\2y^2-y-x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\2y^2-y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\\left(2y-3\right)\left(y+1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y\in\left\{\dfrac{3}{2};-1\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà \(x,y\) nguyên nên: \(x=2;y=-1\)
\(+,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=-1\\2y^2-y-x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2y^2-y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\2\left(y-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{8}=0\left(\text{vô lí}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=2;y=-1\) là các giá trị cần tìm.
\(\text{#}Toru\)
\(1,\dfrac{1}{1+x}=1-\dfrac{1}{1+y}+1-\dfrac{1}{1+z}=\dfrac{y}{1+y}+\dfrac{z}{1+z}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}}\)
Cmtt: \(\dfrac{1}{1+y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{xz}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+z\right)}};\dfrac{1}{1+z}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)}}\)
Nhân VTV
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\ge8\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2y^2z^2}{\left(1+x\right)^2\left(1+y\right)^2\left(1+z\right)^2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\ge\dfrac{8xyz}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\\ \Leftrightarrow8xyz\le1\Leftrightarrow xyz\le\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(2,\\ a,2x^2+y^2-2xy=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+x^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2=1-x^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\le1\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2}\le1\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|\le1\)
Ta có;\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{2xy}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2y}{2xy}+\frac{2x}{2xy}+\frac{1}{2xy}=\frac{xy}{2xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow2.y+2x+1=xy\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+1=y.\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2.\left(x-2\right)+5=y.\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2-y\right).\left(x-2\right)=5\)
Bn kẻ bảng nha