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a) Xét mC : mH : mO = 64,865% : 13,51% : 21,625%
=> nC : nH : nO = \(\dfrac{64,865}{12}:\dfrac{13,51}{1}:\dfrac{21,625}{16}=4:10:1\)
=> CTPT: (C4H10O)n hay C4nH10nOn ( n thuộc N*)
Xét độ bất bão hòa \(=\dfrac{2.4n+2-10n}{2}=\dfrac{2-2n}{2}=1-n\ge0\)
=> n = 1
Vậy CTPT: C4H10O
CTCT:
(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH\)
(2) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(OH\right)-CH_3\)
(3) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2OH\)
(4) \(CH_3-C\left(OH\right)\left(CH_3\right)-CH_3\)
(5) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\)
(6) \(CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\)
(7) \(CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\)
b) Xét mC : mH : mN = 61,017% : 15,254% : 23,729%
=> \(n_C:n_H:n_N=\dfrac{61,017}{12}:\dfrac{15,254}{1}:\dfrac{23,729}{14}=3:9:1\)
=> CTPT: (C3H9N)n hay C3nH9nNn ( n thuộc N*)
Xét độ bất bão hòa \(\dfrac{2.3n+2-9n+n}{2}=1-n\)
=> n = 1
=> CTPT: C3H9N
CTCT:
(1) \(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-NH_2\)
(2) \(CH_3-CH\left(NH_2\right)-CH_3\)
(3) \(CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3\)
(4) \(\left(CH_3\right)N\)
a)
\(CTTQ:C_aH_bO_z\left(a,b,z:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Ta.có:a:b:z=\dfrac{64,865\%}{12}:\dfrac{13,51\%}{1}:\dfrac{100\%-\left(64,865\%+13,51\%\right)}{16}\\ =0,054:0,1351:0,0135=4:10:1\\ \Rightarrow a=4;b=10;z=1\\ \Rightarrow CTPT:C_4H_{10}O\\ CTCT:CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2-OH\left(1\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_2-OH\left(2\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH\left(CH_3\right)-OH\left(3\right)\\ CH_3-C\left(OH\right)-CH\left(CH_3\right)-CH_3\left(4\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-O-CH_3\left(5\right)\\ CH_3-CH\left(CH_3\right)-O-CH_3\left(6\right)\\ CH_3-CH_2-O-CH_2-CH_3\left(7\right)\)
Gọi tên:
(1) Ancol butylic
(2) 2 - metylpropan - 1 - ol
(3) Butan - 2 - ol
(4) 2 - metylpropan - 2 - ol
(5) metylpropyl ete
(6) Isopropylmetyl ete
(7) Đietyl ete
\(Đặt.CTTQ:Ca_pC_zO_r\left(p,z,r:nguyên,dương\right)\\ Vì:m_{Ca}:m_C:m_O=1:0,3:1,2\\ \Leftrightarrow40p:12z:16r=1:0,3:1,2\\ \Leftrightarrow p:z:r=\dfrac{1}{40}:\dfrac{0,3}{12}:\dfrac{1,2}{16}=\dfrac{1}{40}:\dfrac{1}{40}:\dfrac{3}{40}=1:1:3\\ \Rightarrow p=1;z=1;r=3\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:CaCO_3\)
MX = 23.2 = 46(g/mol)
\(m_C=\dfrac{52,17.46}{100}=24\left(g\right)=>n_C=\dfrac{24}{12}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_H=\dfrac{13,05.46}{100}=6\left(g\right)=>n_H=\dfrac{6}{1}=6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_O=\dfrac{34,78.46}{100}=16\left(g\right)=>n_O=\dfrac{16}{16}=1\left(mol\right)\)
=> CTHH: C2H6O
X gồm Ca , C và O
Gọi CTHH của X có dạng CaxCyOz
x:y:z = \(\dfrac{3,33}{40}\):\(\dfrac{1}{12}\):\(\dfrac{4}{16}\)= 1:1:3 , Mà MX = 100 g/ mol
=>CTHH của X là CaCO3
\(\%N=100\%-61,017\%-15,254\%=23,729\%\)
Gọi CTTQ của X : CxHyNt (x,y,t nguyên dương)
\(x:y:t=\dfrac{\%C}{12}:\dfrac{\%H}{1}:\dfrac{\%N}{14}=\dfrac{61,017}{12}:\dfrac{15,254}{1}:\dfrac{23,729}{14}=3:9:1\)
\(\rightarrow CTĐGN:\left(C_3H_9N\right)\)
\(d_{\dfrac{X}{H2}}=\dfrac{M_X}{M_{H2}}=29,5\Rightarrow M_X=29,5.2=59\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(12.3+9+14\right).n=59\rightarrow n=1\)
\(\Rightarrow CTPT:C_3H_9N\)
\(CH_3-CH_2-CH_2-NH_2\)
\(CH_3-CH\left(NH_2\right)-CH_3\)
\(CH_3-CH_2-NH-CH_3\)