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x2-2x+1=(x-1)2\(\ge0\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi : (x-1)2=0
\(\Rightarrow\)x=1
x2-2x-3=(x2-2x+1)+2=(x-1)2+2\(\ge\)2
Dấu = xảy ra khi : (x-1)2=0
\(\Rightarrow\)x=1
x2-3x+2=(x2-2.1/3x+1/9)+2-1/9=(x-\(\frac{1}{3}\))2+\(\frac{17}{9}\)\(\ge\frac{17}{9}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi : (x-1/3)2=0
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{3}\)
2x2+5x-3=2(x2+\(\frac{5}{2}\)x)-3=2(x2+2.\(\frac{5}{4}\)+\(\frac{25}{16}\))-3-2.\(\frac{25}{16}\)=2(x+\(\frac{5}{4}\))2\(-\frac{49}{8}\ge-\frac{49}{8}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi : 2(x+\(\frac{5}{4}\))2=0
\(\Rightarrow\)x=\(-\frac{5}{4}\)
7.
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow10\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=3\left(x^2+2\right)\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow10ab=3\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2-10ab+3b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3b\right)\left(3b-a\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\3a=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=3\sqrt{x+1}\\3\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=\sqrt{x-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x+1=9x+9\\9x^2-9x+9=x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-10x-8=0\\9x^2-10x+10=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (casio)
6.
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4=3\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2=3ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-3ab+2b^2=0\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm (vế phải là \(5\sqrt{x^3+1}\) sẽ hợp lý hơn)
a, \(5\sqrt{2x^2+3x+9}=2x^2+3x+3\) (*)
Đặt \(2x^2+3x=a\left(a\ge-9\right)\)
=> \(5\sqrt{a+9}=a+3\)
<=> \(25\left(a+9\right)=a^2+6a+9\)
<=> \(25a+225=a^2+6a+9\)
<=> \(0=a^2+6a+9-25a-225=a^2-19a-216\)
<=> 0= \(a^2-27a+8a-216\)
<=> \(\left(a-27\right)\left(a+8\right)=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=27\\a=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2+3x=27\\2x^2+3x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2+3x-27=0\\2x^2+3x+8=0\end{matrix}\right.\)<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+9\right)=0\\2\left(x^2+2.\frac{3}{4}+\frac{9}{16}\right)+\frac{55}{8}=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\left(tm\right)\\x=-\frac{9}{2}\left(tm\right)\\2\left(x+\frac{3}{4}\right)^2=-\frac{55}{8}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt (*) có tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{3,-\frac{9}{2}\right\}\)
b, \(9-\sqrt{81-7x^3}=\frac{x^3}{2}\left(đk:x\le\sqrt[3]{\frac{81}{7}}\right)\)(*)
<=> \(\sqrt{81-7x^3}=9-\frac{x^3}{2}\)
<=>\(81-7x^3=\left(9-\frac{x^3}{2}\right)^2=81-9x^3+\frac{x^6}{4}\)
<=> \(-7x^3+9x^3-\frac{x^6}{4}=0\) <=> \(2x^3-\frac{x^6}{4}=0\)<=> \(8x^3-x^6=0\)
<=> \(x^3\left(8-x^2\right)=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\8=x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(tm\right)\\x=\pm2\sqrt{2}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt (*) có nghiệm x=0
d,\(\sqrt{9x-2x^2}-9x+2x^2+6=0\) (*) (đk: \(0\le x\le\frac{1}{2}\))
<=> \(\sqrt{9x-2x^2}-\left(9x-2x^2\right)+6=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{9x-2x^2}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)
Có \(a-a^2+6=0\)
<=> \(a^2-a-6=0\) <=> \(a^2-3x+2x-6=0\)
<=> \(\left(a-3\right)\left(a+2\right)=0\)
=> \(a-3=0\) (vì a+2>0 vs mọi \(a\ge0\))
<=> a=3 <=>\(\sqrt{9x-2x^2}=3\) <=> \(9x-2x^2=9\)
<=> 0=\(2x^2-9x+9\) <=> \(2x^2-6x-3x+9=0\) <=>\(\left(2x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=3\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{3}{2}\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)(t/m)
Vậy pt (*) có tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{\frac{3}{2},3\right\}\)
Bài 6:
ĐK: $x\geq \frac{2}{3}$
Đặt $\sqrt{4x+1}=a; \sqrt{3x-2}=b(a,b\geq 0)$
PT trở thành:
$a-b=a^2-b^2$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(a+b)-(a-b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(a+b-1)=0$
Nếu $a-b=0\Leftrightarrow 4x+1=3x-2\Leftrightarrow x=-3$ (loại vì không thỏa ĐKXĐ)
Nếu $a+b-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow b=1-a$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{3x-2}=1-\sqrt{4x+1}$
$\Rightarrow 3x-2=4x+2-2\sqrt{4x+1}$
$\Leftrightarrow x+4=2\sqrt{4x+1}$
$\Rightarrow (x+4)^2=4(4x+1)$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+12=0\Leftrightarrow x=6$ hoặc $x=2$
Vậy.......
Bài 5:
ĐK: $x\geq -2$
PT $\Leftrightarrow 3\sqrt{(x+2)(x^2-2x+4)}=2x^2-3x+10$
Đặt $\sqrt{x+2}=a; \sqrt{x^2-2x+4}=b(a,b\geq 0)$
Khi đó PT trở thành:
$3ab=2b^2+a^2$
$\Leftrightarrow a^2-3ab+2b^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow a(a-b)-2b(a-b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(a-2b)=0$
Nếu $a-b=0\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x+2-(x^2-2x+4)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=0\Rightarrow x=1$ hoặc $x=2$ (thỏa mãn)
Nếu $a-2b=0\Rightarrow 4b^2-a^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 4(x^2-2x+4)-(x+2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 4x^2-9x+14=0$ (pt vô nghiệm)
Vậy.........
a) ĐK: \(x\geq \frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{2x-1}-\sqrt{x+1}=2x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{(2x-1)-(x+1)}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2(x-2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{x-2}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2(x-2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-2)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x-2=0\leftrightarrow x=2\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}=2(*)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đối với $(*)$:
Vì \(x\geq \frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow \sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}\geq \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}+1}>1\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+\sqrt{x+1}}< 1\)
Do đó $(*)$ vô nghiệm
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất $x=2$
b) ĐK:.....
\(\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}+\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}=x+3\)
TH1:
\(\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}=\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow 2x^2-3x+10=2x^2-5x+4\)
\(\Rightarrow 2x+6=0\Rightarrow x=-3\) (thử lại thấy không thỏa mãn)
TH2: \(\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}\neq \sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\), tức là \(x\neq -3\)
PT ban đầu tương đương với:
\(\frac{(2x^2-3x+10)-(2x^2-5x+4)}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}-\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}}=x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{2(x+3)}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}-\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}}=x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{2}{\sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}-\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}}=1\) (do \(x\neq -3\) )
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}-\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{2x^2-3x+10}=2+\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\)
Bình phương 2 vế:
\(2x^2-3x+10=4+2x^2-5x+4+4\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=2\sqrt{2x^2-5x+4}\)
\(\Rightarrow (x+1)^2=4(2x^2-5x+4)\)
\(\Rightarrow 7x^2-22x+15=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=\frac{15}{7}\\ x=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (thử đều thấy t/m)
Vậy...........