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câu 1: \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AD}=4\overrightarrow{AG}\) Ta có vế trái
\(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{AD}=\overrightarrow{AE}+\overrightarrow{EB}+\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GD}\\ =2\overrightarrow{AE}+2\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GD}\\ =2\overrightarrow{AG}+2\overrightarrow{GE}+2\overrightarrow{AG}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GD}\\ =4\overrightarrow{AG}+2\overrightarrow{GE}+\overrightarrow{GC}+\overrightarrow{GD}\\ =4\overrightarrow{AG}+2\overrightarrow{GE}+\overrightarrow{GF}+\overrightarrow{FC}+\overrightarrow{GF}+\overrightarrow{FD}\\ =4\overrightarrow{AG}+2\left(\overrightarrow{GF}+\overrightarrow{GE}\right)+\overrightarrow{FC}+\overrightarrow{FD}\\ =4\overrightarrow{AG}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Gọi tọa độ điểm \(M\) là \(M\left(x;y\right).\)
\(\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(1-x;3-y\right);\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(4-x;-y\right);\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(2-x;-5-y\right).\)
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}-3\overrightarrow{MC}=\overrightarrow{0}.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-x+4-x-3\left(2-x\right)=0.\\3-y-y-3\left(-5-y\right)=0.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2x+5-6+3x=0.\\3-2y+15+3y=0.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0.\\y+18=0.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1.\\y=-18.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow M\left(1;-18\right).\)
a: vecto AB=(-7;1)
vecto AC=(1;-3)
vecto BC=(8;-4)
b: \(AB=\sqrt{\left(-7\right)^2+1^2}=5\sqrt{2}\)
\(AC=\sqrt{1^2+\left(-3\right)^2}=\sqrt{10}\)
\(BC=\sqrt{8^2+\left(-4\right)^2}=\sqrt{80}=4\sqrt{5}\)
Xét ΔBAD có BI là đường trung tuyến
nên \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{3}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(5\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{AC}\right)=\dfrac{5}{6}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{BM}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AM}\)
\(=\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}\)
=>\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\overrightarrow{BM}\)
=>B,I,M thẳng hàng
Cách 1: Dùng định lý Menelaus đảo:
Từ đề bài, ta có \(\dfrac{BD}{BC}=\dfrac{2}{3}\), \(\dfrac{MC}{MA}=\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{BD}{BC}.\dfrac{MC}{MA}.\dfrac{IA}{ID}=1\)
Theo định lý Menelaus đảo, suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.
Cách 2: Dùng vector
Ta có \(\overrightarrow{BI}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
Lại có \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{MC}{AC}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{MA}{AC}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{5}\overrightarrow{BA}+\dfrac{2}{5}\overrightarrow{BC}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}.\dfrac{1}{6}\left(3\overrightarrow{BA}+2\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{BM}=\dfrac{6}{5}\overrightarrow{BI}\), suy ra B, I, M thẳng hàng.