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a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{3a^2-10a+3}{2\left(a-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a^2-9a-a+3}{2\left(a-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a\left(a-3\right)-\left(a-3\right)}{2\left(a-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-3\right)\left(3a-1\right)}{2\left(a-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3a-1}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{2}a-\dfrac{1}{2}\)(đpcm)
b) Ta có: \(\dfrac{b^2+3b+9}{b^3-27}\)\(=\dfrac{b^2+3b+9}{\left(b-3\right)\left(b^2+3b+9\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{b-3}\)
\(=\dfrac{b-2}{\left(b-3\right)\left(b-2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{b-2}{b^2-5b+6}\)(đpcm)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)
Biến đổi giả thiết:
\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)