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a)
Ta có:
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
\(\ge0-2=-2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
b)\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge0+7=7\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=7\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
c)
Ta có:
\(C=3x-x^2+2=2-\left(x^2-3x\right)\)
\(=2+\dfrac{9}{4}-\left(x^2-2x.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{4}-\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{17}{4}-0=\dfrac{17}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{max}=\dfrac{17}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
d) Ta có:
\(D=-x^2-5x=-\left(x^2+5x\right)=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x^2+2x.\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{25}{4}-\left(x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{25}{4}-0=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
Vậy \(D_{max}=\dfrac{25}{4}\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x+\dfrac{5}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\)
e) Ta có:
\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+5^2-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)
\(\ge0+0+2=2\)
Vậy \(E_{min}=2\), đạt được khi và chỉ khi \(x-2y+5=y-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(A=x^2+3x+4\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}\ge\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
a: ta có: \(A=x^2-3x+10\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{31}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{31}{4}>0\forall x\)
b: Ta có: \(B=x^2-5x+2021\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}+\dfrac{8015}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{8015}{4}>0\forall x\)
a) \(4x^2+12x+1=\left(4x^2+12x+9\right)-8=\left(2x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b) \(4x^2-3x+10=\left(4x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{151}{16}=\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{16}\ge\dfrac{151}{16}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
c) \(2x^2+5x+10=\left(2x^2+5x+\dfrac{25}{8}\right)+\dfrac{55}{8}=\left(\sqrt{2}x+\dfrac{5\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{8}\ge\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
d) \(x-x^2+2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
e) \(2x-2x^2=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
f) \(4x^2+2y^2+4xy+4y+5=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1=\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(4x^2+12x+1\)
\(=4x^2+12x+9-8\)
\(=\left(2x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(4x^2-3x+10\)
\(=4\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{9}{64}+\dfrac{151}{64}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x-\dfrac{3}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{16}\ge\dfrac{151}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
c: Ta có: \(2x^2+5x+10\)
\(=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{5}{2}x+5\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{25}{16}+\dfrac{55}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{8}\ge\dfrac{55}{8}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
a) MTC = (x -2)(x + 2). Ta rút gọn được M = 1 x − 2
b) Gợi ý: x 2 + 5 x + 6 = ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ; x 2 + x − 12 = ( x − 3 ) ( x + 4 )
Ta có N = ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x − 3 ) ( x + 4 ) : ( x + 2 ) 2 x ( x − 3 ) = x ( x + 3 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 4 )
a) \(\left(x^5+4x^3-6x^2\right):4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^5:4x^2\right)+\left(4x^3:4x^2\right)+\left(-6x^2:4x^2\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}x^3+x-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b)
Vậy \(\left(x^3+x^2-12\right):\left(x-2\right)=x^2+3x+6\)
c) (-2x5 : 2x2) + (3x2 : 2x2) + (-4x^3 : 2x^2)
= \(-x^3+\dfrac{3}{2}-2x\)
d) \(\left(x^3-64\right):\left(x^2+4x+16\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x^2+4x+16\right):\left(x^2+4x+16\right)\)
\(=x-4\)
(dùng hẳng đẳng thức thứ 7)
Bài 2 :
a) 3x(x - 2) - 5x(1 - x) - 8(x2 - 3)
= 3x2 - 6x - 5x + 5x2 - 8x2 + 24
= (3x2 + 5x2 - 8x2) + (-6x - 5x) + 24
= -11x + 24
b) (x - y)(x2 + xy + y2) + 2y3
= x3 - y3 + 2y3
= x3 + y3
c) (x - y)2 + (x + y)2 - 2(x - y)(x + y)
= (x - y)2 - 2(x - y)(x + y) + (x + y)2
= [(x - y) + x + y)2 = [x - y + x + y] = (2x)2 = 4x2
Bài 1 :
a]= \(\frac{1}{4}\)x3 + x - \(\frac{3}{2}\).
b] => [x3 + x2 -12 ] = [ x2 +3 ][x-2] + [-6]
c]= -x3 -2x +\(\frac{3}{2}\).
d] = [ x3 - 64 ] = [ x2 + 4x + 16][ x- 4].
\(a,-x^2+2x+5=-\left(x^2-2x-5\right)=-\left(x^2-2x+1-6\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+6\le6\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1=>Max A=6
\(b,B=-x^2-y^2+4x+4y+2=-x^2+4x-4-y^2+4x-4+10\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-4x+4\right)+10\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2+10=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]+10\le10\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=2=>Max B=10
\(c,C=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+12=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1,y=-3=>MinC=2
\(A=x^2-4x+20=x^2-4x+4+16=\left(x-2\right)^2+16\)
Do \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+16\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(A\right)=16\)
\(B=x^2-3x+7=x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+7=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Do \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(B\right)=\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(C=-x^2-10x+70=-\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+25+70=-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\)
Do \(-\left(x-5\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\le95\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(C\right)=95\)
\(D=-4x^2+12x+1=-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+9+1=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\)
Do \(-\left(2x-3\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(D\right)=10\)
A = x2 - 3x - 5 = ( x2 - 3x + 9/4 ) - 29/4 = ( x - 3/2 )2 - 29/4 ≥ -29/4 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 3/2
=> MinA = -29/4 <=> x = 3/2
B = 5x - x2 - 2021 = -( x2 - 5x + 25/4 ) - 8059/4 = -( x - 5/2 )2 - 8059/4 ≤ -8059/4 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 5/2
=> MaxB = -8059/4 <=> x = 5/2
C = 4x2 - 4x - 11 = ( 4x2 - 4x + 1 ) - 12 = ( 2x - 1 )2 - 12 ≥ -12 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 1/2
=> MinC = -12 <=> x = 1/2
D = 3x - x2 - 15 = -( x2 - 3x + 9/4 ) - 51/4 = -( x - 3/2 )2 - 51/4 ≤ -51/4 ∀ x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 3/2
=> MaxD = -51/4 <=> x = 3/2