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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho các số không âm \(x^2,y^2,z^2,t^2\) ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x^2+y^2\geq 2\sqrt{x^2y^2}=2|xy|\geq 2xy\\ y^2+z^2\geq 2|yz|\geq 2yz\\ z^2+t^2\geq 2|zt|\geq 2zt\\ t^2+x^2\geq 2|tx|\geq 2tx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2)\geq 2(xy+yz+zt+tx)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2\geq xy+yz+zt+tx\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra (vì \(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2=1=xy+yz+zt+tx\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=t^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=t^2=\frac{1}{4}\)
Kết hợp với \(xy+yz+zt+tx=1\) suy ra
\((x,y,z,t)=(\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2}; \frac{1}{2}; \frac{1}{2}); (\frac{-1}{2};\frac{-1}{2}; \frac{-1}{2}; \frac{-1}{2})\)
\(\dfrac{x}{xyz+xy+x+1}+\dfrac{y}{yzt+yz+y+1}+\dfrac{z}{xzt+zt+z+1}+\dfrac{t}{xyt+tx+t+1}\)
= \(\dfrac{x}{xyz+xy+x+1}+\dfrac{xy}{xyzt+xyz+xy+x}+\dfrac{xyz}{x^2yzt+xyzt+xyz+xy}+\dfrac{xyzt}{x^{2^{ }}y^2zt+x^2yzt+xyzt+xyz}\)
= \(\dfrac{x}{xyz+xy+x+1}+\dfrac{xy}{1+xyz+xy+x}+\dfrac{xyz}{x+1+xyz+xy}+\dfrac{1}{xy+x+1+xyz}\)
= \(\dfrac{x+xy+xyz+1}{x+xy+xyz+1}\)
= 1
Thay xyzt = 1 vào P, có:
P= \(\frac{x}{xyz+xy+x+xyzt\ }\) + \(\frac{y}{yzt+yz+y+1}+\frac{z}{xzt+zt+z+xyzt}+\frac{t}{xyt+tx+t+1}\)
\(P=\frac{x}{x.\left(yz+y+1+yzt\right)}+\frac{y}{yzt+yz+y+1}+\frac{z}{z.\left(xt+t+1+xyt\right)}+\frac{t}{xyt+tx+t+1}\)
\(P=\frac{1\ +y}{yz+y+yzt+1}\) \(+\frac{1+t}{xyt+tx+t+1}\)
\(P=\frac{1+y}{yz+y+yzt+xyzt\ }+\frac{1+t}{xyt+tx+t+1}\)
\(P=\frac{1+y}{y.z.\left(xyt+tx+t+1\right)}+\frac{yz+tyz}{yz.\left(xyt+tx+t+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{1+y+yz+tyz}{yz.\left(xyt+tx+t+1\right)}=\frac{1+y+yz+tyz}{xyzt.\left(1+y+yz+tyz\right)}=\frac{1}{xyzt}=1\)
KL: P = 1 tại xyzt=1
❤ѕѕѕσиɢσкυѕѕѕ❤
Ta có: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2-\left(xy+yz+zt+tx\right)=1-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2-xy-yz-zt-tx\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2+2t^2-2xy-2yz-2zt-tx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2zt+t^2\right)+\left(t^2-2tx+x^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-t\right)^2+\left(t-x\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0;\left(y-z\right)^2\ge0;\left(z-t\right)^2\ge0;\left(t-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-t\right)^2+\left(t-x\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - y = 0 ; y - z = 0 ; z - t = 0 ; t - x = 0 <=> x = y = z = t
Khi đó \(x^2+y^2+z^2+t^2=x^2+x^2+x^2+x^2=4x^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x=y=z=t=\pm\frac{1}{2}\)