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ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2011\\y\ge2012\\z\ge2013\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\sqrt{x-2011}\ge0\\b=\sqrt{y-2012}\ge0\\c=\sqrt{z-2013}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) ta có :
\(\frac{a-1}{a^2}+\frac{b-1}{b^2}+\frac{c-1}{c^2}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{b^2}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{c^2}-\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2015\\y=2016\\z=2017\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=x+2011\\b=y+2011\\c=z+2011\end{cases}}\) Ta có Hệ:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+2}\left(A\right)=\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c+1}+\sqrt{a+2}\left(B\right)\\\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c+1}+\sqrt{a+2}\left(B\right)=\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+2}\left(C\right)\end{cases}}\)
Vai trò \(x,y,z\) bình đẳng
Giả sử \(c=Max\left(a;b;c\right)\) vì \(A=C\) ta có:
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b+1}+\sqrt{c+2}=\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{b+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\right)+\left(\sqrt{b+2}-\sqrt{b+1}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{c+2}-\sqrt{c}=\left(\sqrt{c+2}-\sqrt{c+1}\right)+\left(\sqrt{c+1}-\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2}+\sqrt{b+1}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2}+\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+1}+\sqrt{c}}\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác \(\hept{\begin{cases}c\ge a\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+1}+\sqrt{c}}\\c\ge b\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{b+2}+\sqrt{b+1}}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{c+2}+\sqrt{c+1}}\end{cases}}\)
Suy ra \(\left(1\right)\) xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) (Đpcm)
Điều kiện \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2011>0\\y-2012>0\\z-2013>0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>2011\\y>2012\\z>2013\end{cases}}}\)
\(\frac{\sqrt{x-2011}-1}{x-2011}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2012}-1}{y-2012}+\frac{\sqrt{z-2013}-1}{z-2013}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2011}}-\frac{1}{x-2011}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2012}}-\frac{1}{y-2012}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z-2013}}-\frac{1}{z-2013}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x-2011}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2011}}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{y-2012}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2012}}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{z-2013}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{z-2013}}+\frac{1}{4}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2011}}-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2012}}-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{z-2013}}-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x-2011}}=\frac{1}{4}\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{y-2012}}=\frac{1}{4}\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{z-2013}}=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-2011=16\\y-2012=16\\z-2013=16\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2027\\y=2028\\z=2029\end{cases}}}\)
Giả sử z là số lớn nhất trong 3 số
Từ đề bài ta có:
\(\sqrt{x+2011}+\sqrt{y+2012}+\sqrt{z+2013}=\sqrt{z+2011}+\sqrt{x+2012}+\sqrt{y+2013}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2012}-\sqrt{x+2011}+\sqrt{y+2013}-\sqrt{y+2012}=\sqrt{z+2012}-\sqrt{z+2011}+\sqrt{z+2013}-\sqrt{z+2012}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+2012}+\sqrt{x+2011}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y+2013}+\sqrt{y+2012}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{z+2012}+\sqrt{z+2011}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z+2013}+\sqrt{z+2012}}\)
Ta lại có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+2012}+\sqrt{x+2011}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{z+2012}+\sqrt{z+2011}}\\\frac{1}{\sqrt{y+2013}+\sqrt{y+2012}}\ge\frac{1}{\sqrt{z+2013}+\sqrt{z+2012}}\end{cases}}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x = y = z
Tương tự cho trường hợp x lớn nhất với y lớn nhất.
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Điều kiện: \(x\ge2012;y\ge2013;z\ge2014\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2012}-1}{x-2012}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(x-2012\right)}-2}{2\left(x-2012\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+x-2012}{2}-2}{2\left(x-2012\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2013}-1}{y-2013}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(y-2013\right)}-2}{2\left(y-2013\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+y-2013}{2}-2}{2\left(y-2013\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{\sqrt{z-2014}-1}{z-2014}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(z-2014\right)}-2}{2\left(z-2014\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+z-2014}{2}-2}{2\left(z-2014\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta được:
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2012}-1}{x-2012}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2013}-1}{y-2013}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-2014}-1}{z-2014}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=2016;y=2017;z=2018\)
Vậy....