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a) \(\sin^4x=\left(\sin^2x\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{1-\cos2x}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-2\cos2x+\cos^22x\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-2.\cos2x+\dfrac{1+\cos4x}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}\cos2x+\dfrac{1}{8}\cos4x\)
Vậy:
\(\int\sin^4x\text{dx}=\int\left(\dfrac{3}{8}-\dfrac{1}{2}\cos2x+\dfrac{1}{8}\cos4x\right)\text{dx}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{8}x-\dfrac{1}{4}\sin2x+\dfrac{1}{32}\sin4x+C\)
\(a,\int sin2x.cosxdx=\int\dfrac{1}{2}\left[sin3x+sinx\right]dx=\dfrac{1}{2}\int sin3xdx+\dfrac{1}{2}\int sinxdx=\dfrac{-1}{6}cos3x-\dfrac{1}{2}cosx\)
a)
Ta có \(A=\int ^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\cos 2x\cos^2xdx=\frac{1}{4}\int ^{\frac{\pi}{4}}_{0}\cos 2x(\cos 2x+1)d(2x)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}\int ^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{0}\cos x(\cos x+1)dx=\frac{1}{4}\int ^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{0}\cos xdx+\frac{1}{8}\int ^{\frac{\pi}{2}}_{0}(\cos 2x+1)dx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{1}{4}\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{2}\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\sin x+\frac{1}{16}\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{2}\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\sin 2x+\frac{1}{8}\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{\pi}{2}\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|x=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{\pi}{16}\)
b)
\(B=\int ^{1}_{\frac{1}{2}}\frac{e^x}{e^{2x}-1}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int ^{1}_{\frac{1}{2}}\left ( \frac{1}{e^x-1}-\frac{1}{e^x+1} \right )d(e^x)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ \frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right|\left | \frac{e^x-1}{e^x+1} \right |\approx 0.317\)
c)
Có \(C=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{(x+2)\ln(x+1)}{(x+1)^2}d(x+1)\).
Đặt \(x+1=t\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{(t+1)\ln t}{t^2}dt=\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{\ln t}{t}dt+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{\ln t}{t^2}dt\)
\(=\int ^{2}_{1}\ln td(\ln t)+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{\ln t}{t^2}dt=\frac{\ln ^22}{2}+\int ^{2}_{1}\frac{\ln t}{t^2}dt\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln t\\ dv=\frac{dt}{t^2}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=\frac{dt}{t}\\ v=\frac{-1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int ^{2}_{1}\frac{\ln t}{t^2}dt=\left.\begin{matrix} 2\\ 1\end{matrix}\right|-\frac{\ln t+1}{t}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\ln 2 }{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\ln 2}{2}+\frac{\ln ^22}{2}\)
\(I=\int\dfrac{x^3dx}{\left(x^8-4\right)^2}\)
Đặt \(x^4=t\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{4}dt\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t^2-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)^2dt=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)}\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{t-\sqrt{2}}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x^4-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-\sqrt{2}}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)
2/ \(I=\int\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)dx}{\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x^2+x+3}\right)\left(2x+1\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+3}\right)dx\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x-1\right)}{x^2+x-1}-\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+3\right)}{x^2+x+3}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{x^2+x-1}{x^2+x+3}\right|+C\)
3/ Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=t\Rightarrow x=t^3\Rightarrow dx=3t^2dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{3t^2.sint.dt}{t^2}=3\int sint.dt=-3cost+C=-3cos\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)+C\)
4/ \(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{1+cos^2x}=\int\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx}{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}+1}\)
Đặt \(t=tanx\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}dt=\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx\\\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}=1+tan^2x=1+t^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{1+t^2+1}=\int\dfrac{dt}{t^2+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{2}.arctan\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}arctan\left(\dfrac{tanx}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C\)
5/ \(I=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4+2sinx.cosx-sin^2x-cos^2x}dx=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4-\left(sinx-cosx\right)^2}dx\)
Đặt \(sinx-cosx=t\Rightarrow\left(cosx+sinx\right)dx=dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{4-t^2}=-\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-2\right)\left(t+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t+2}-\dfrac{1}{t-2}\right)dt\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{t+2}{t-2}\right|+C=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{sinx-cosx+2}{sinx-cosx-2}\right|+C\)
Ơ bài 1 nhầm số 4 thành số 2 rồi, bạn sửa lại 1 chút nhé :D
Còn 1 cách làm khác nữa là lượng giác hóa
Đặt \(x^4=2sint\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{2}cost.dt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{\left(4sin^2t-4\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^4t}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{1}{cost}\\dv=\dfrac{dt}{cos^2t}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{sint.dt}{cos^2t}\\v=tant\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{tant}{cost}-\int\dfrac{tant.sint.dt}{cos^2t}=\dfrac{sint}{cos^2t}-\int\dfrac{sin^2t.dt}{cos^3t}\)
\(=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{1-cos^2t}{cos^3t}dt=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}+\int\dfrac{1}{cosx}dx\)
Chú ý rằng \(\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}=32I\)
\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-32I+\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^2t}\)
\(\Rightarrow64I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{d\left(sint\right)}{sin^2t-1}=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{sint-1}{sint+1}\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2x^4}{4-x^8}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-2}{x^4+2}\right|\right)+C\)
Xét tính chẵn lẻ:
a) TXĐ: D = R \ {π/2 + kπ| k nguyên}
Với mọi x thuộc D ta có (-x) thuộc D và
\(f\left(-x\right)=\frac{3\tan^3\left(-x\right)-5\sin\left(-x\right)}{2+\cos\left(-x\right)}=-\frac{3\tan^3x-5\sin x}{2+\cos x}=-f\left(x\right)\)
Vậy hàm đã cho là hàm lẻ
b) TXĐ: D = R \ \(\left\{\pm\sqrt{2};\pm1\right\}\)
Với mọi x thuộc D ta có (-x) thuộc D và
\(f\left(-x\right)=\frac{\sin\left(-x\right)}{\left(-x\right)^4-3\left(-x\right)^2+2}=-\frac{\sin x}{x^4-3x^2+2}=-f\left(x\right)\)
Vậy hàm đã cho là hàm lẻ
Tìm GTLN, GTNN:
TXĐ: D = R
a) Ta có (\(\left(\sin x+\cos x\right)^2=1+\sin2x\)
Với mọi x thuộc D ta có\(-1\le\sin2x\le1\Leftrightarrow0\le1+\sin2x\le2\Leftrightarrow0\le\left(\sin x+\cos x\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\le\left|\sin x+\cos x\right|\le\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le\sin x+\cos x\le\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_{f\left(x\right)}=-\sqrt{2}\) khi \(\sin2x=-1\Leftrightarrow2x=-\frac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\)
\(Max_{f\left(x\right)}=\sqrt{2}\) khi\(\sin2x=1\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\)
b) Với mọi x thuộc D ta có:
\(-1\le\cos x\le1\Leftrightarrow-2\le2\cos x\le2\Leftrightarrow1\le2\cos x+3\le5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1\le\sqrt{2\cos x+3}\le\sqrt{5}\Leftrightarrow5\le\sqrt{2\cos x+3}+4\le\sqrt{5}+4\)
Vậy\(Min_{f\left(x\right)}=5\) khi \(\cos x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=\pi+k2\pi\)
\(Max_{f\left(x\right)}=\sqrt{5}+4\) khi \(\cos x=1\Leftrightarrow x=k2\pi\)
c) \(y=\sin^4x+\cos^4x=\left(\sin^2x+\cos^2x\right)^2-2\sin^2x\cos^2x\)\(=1-\frac{1}{2}\left(2\sin x\cos x\right)^2=1-\frac{1}{2}\sin^22x\)
Với mọi x thuộc D ta có: \(0\le\sin^22x\le1\Leftrightarrow-\frac{1}{2}\le-\frac{1}{2}\sin^22x\le0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\le1-\frac{1}{2}\sin^22x\le1\)
Đến đây bạn tự xét dấu '=' xảy ra khi nào nha :p