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a)\(-x^2-x+2\)
\(=-\left(x^2+x-2\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{7}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{4}\le\frac{7}{4}.Với\forall x\in Z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi
\(x+\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy Max = 7/4 <=> x = -1/2
\(A=x^2-6x-4=x^2-6x+9-13=\left(x-3\right)^2-13\ge-13\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-13\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
\(B=x^2-x+1=x^2-2.\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(B_{min}=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Câu 1:
\(A=x^2-3x+9\\ =x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{27}{4}\\ =\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)+\dfrac{27}{4}\\ =\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{27}{4}\\ Do\text{ }\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{27}{4}\ge0\forall x\\ \text{Dấu “=” xảy ra khi: }\\ \left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\\ Vậy\text{ }A_{\left(Min\right)}=\dfrac{27}{4}\text{ }khi\text{ }x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(B=9x^2-6x+2\\ =9x^2-6x+1+1\\ =\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)+1\\ =\left(3x-1\right)^2+1\\ Do\text{ }\left(3x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow B=\left(3x-1\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\\ \text{Dấu “=” xảy ra khi: }\\ \left(3x-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow3x-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{3}\\ Vậy\text{ }B_{\left(Min\right)}=1\text{ }khi\text{ }x=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(C=-x^2+2x+4\\ =-x^2+2x-1+5\\ =-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+5\\ =-\left(x-1\right)^2+5\\ Do\text{ }\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow C=-\left(x-1\right)^2+5\le5\forall x\\ \text{ Dấu “=” xảy ra khi: }\\ \left(x-1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=1\\ \text{Vậy }C_{\left(Max\right)}=5\text{ }khi\text{ }x=1\)
\(D=-x^2+4x\\ =-x^2+4x-4+4\\ =-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4\\ =-\left(x-2\right)^2+4\\ \\ Do\text{ }\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2\le0\forall x\\ \Rightarrow C=-\left(x-2\right)^2+4\le4\forall x\\ \text{ Dấu “=” xảy ra khi: }\\ \left(x-2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x-2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=2\\ \text{Vậy }C_{\left(Max\right)}=4\text{ }khi\text{ }x=2\)
Câu 2:
\(\text{Ta có : }x+y=2\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2=2^2\\ \Rightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2=4\\ Thay\text{ }x^2+y^2=10\text{ }vào\\ \Rightarrow2xy+10=4\\ \Rightarrow2xy=-6\\ \Rightarrow xy=-3\\ \text{Ta lại có : }x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\\ Thay\text{ }x^2+y^2=10;x+y=2;xy=-3\text{ }ta\text{ }được:\\ x^3+y^3=2\cdot\left(10+3\right)=26\)
Vậy \(x^3+y^3=26\text{ }tại\text{ }x+y=2;x^2+y^2=10\)
\(A=4x^2+y^2+xy+4x+2y+3=4x^2+x\left(y+4\right)+\frac{\left(y+4\right)^2}{16}+y^2-\frac{\left(y+4\right)^2}{16}+2y+3\)\(=\left(2x+\frac{y+4}{4}\right)^2+\frac{16y^2-y^2-8y-16+32y+48}{16}=\left(2x+\frac{y+4}{4}\right)^2+\frac{15y^2+24y+32}{16}\)\(=\left(2x+\frac{y+4}{4}\right)^2+\frac{15\left(y^2+\frac{24}{15}y+\frac{16}{25}\right)+\frac{112}{5}}{16}=\left(2x+\frac{y+4}{4}\right)^2+\frac{15\left(y+\frac{4}{5}\right)^2+\frac{112}{5}}{16}\ge\frac{\frac{112}{5}}{16}=\frac{7}{5}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+\frac{y+4}{4}=0\\y+\frac{4}{5}=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\frac{2}{5}\\y=-\frac{4}{5}\end{cases}}\)
\(B=-x^2-y^2-2xy=-\left(x+y\right)^2\le0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = -y
\(4x-x^2+3\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x-3\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2.x.2+4-7\right)\)
\(=-\left(\left(x-2\right)^2-7\right)\)
\(=7-\left(x-2\right)^2\ge7\)
MAX \(A=7\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Rightarrow x=2\)