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\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{b-3}}{b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(a-2\right).2}}{a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(b-3\right).\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{3}{2}}}{b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{\left(c-6\right).2.2.2}}{c\sqrt[3]{8}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{a-2+2}{2a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{b-3+\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{3}{2}}{3b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{c-6+2+2+2}{4c\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{2a\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{b}{3b\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{c}{4c\sqrt[4]{8}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
Vậy \(P_{max}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{9}{4}}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{8}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-2=2\\b-3=\dfrac{3}{2}\\c-6=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\b=\dfrac{9}{2}\\c=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(P=\dfrac{bc\sqrt{a-2}+ac\sqrt[3]{b-3}+ab\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a-2}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{b-3}}{b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{c-6}}{c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(a-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{2\left(b-3\right)}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\sqrt[4]{2\left(c-6\right)}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}\)
\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2+a-2}{2}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{2+b-3+1}{3}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\dfrac{2+c-6+1+1+1+1}{4}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{a}{2}}{\sqrt{2}a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{b}{3}}{\sqrt[3]{2}b}+\dfrac{\dfrac{c}{4}}{\sqrt[4]{2}c}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt[4]{2}}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1\ge3x-9\\2-x< 2x-6\\x-3\ge4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3x\ge-9+1\\-x-2x< -6-2\\x\ge4+3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x\ge-8\\-3x< -8\\x\ge7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le8\\x>\dfrac{8}{3}\\x\ge7\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow7\le x\le8\)
Ta có BĐT \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
Lợi dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz tao cso:
\(VT^2=\left(\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{b+3}+\sqrt{c+3}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c+9\right)\)
\(\le3\left(\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+9\right)\)
Đặt \(t=a^2+b^2+c^2\left(t\ge3\right)\) thì cần chứng minh:
\(3\left(\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+9\right)\le4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+9\right)\le4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(t+9\right)\le4t^2\Leftrightarrow-\left(t-3\right)\left(4t+9\right)\le0\) (Đúng)
Ta có BĐT \(3\le ab+bc+ca\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Và BĐT: \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(\le\sqrt{9}=3\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT^2=\left(\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{b+3}+\sqrt{c+3}\right)^2\)
\(\le\left(1+1+1\right)\left(a+b+c+9\right)\)
\(\le\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left[a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\right]\)
\(=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=VP^2\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\x\le m\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hệ có nghiệm duy nhất \(\Leftrightarrow m=2\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(m^2+1\right)x\ge6\\2x\le6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{6}{m^2+1}\\x\le3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hệ có nghiệm duy nhất \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6}{m^2+1}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m=\pm1\)
c.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-6x+9\ge x^2+7x+1\\5x\ge2m-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{8}{13}\\x\ge\dfrac{2m-8}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Pt có nghiệm duy nhất khi \(\dfrac{2m-8}{5}=\dfrac{8}{13}\Leftrightarrow m=\dfrac{72}{13}\)
d.
Hệ có nghiệm duy nhất khi:
TH1:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m>0\\\dfrac{m-3}{m}=\dfrac{m-9}{m+3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m>0\\m^2-9=m^2-9m\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow m=1\)
TH2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m+3< 0\\\dfrac{m-3}{m}=\dfrac{m-9}{m+3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m=1\) (ktm)
Vậy \(m=1\)
e.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2m-1\right)x\ge-2m+3\\\left(4-4m\right)x\le3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hệ có nghiệm duy nhất khi:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2m-1\right)\left(4-4m\right)>0\\\dfrac{-2m+3}{2m-1}=\dfrac{3}{4-4m}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2}< m< 1\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}m=\dfrac{3}{4}\\m=\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
a. ĐKXĐ: ..
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2\left(2x+5y\right)}-\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}=4\\x+2y+\dfrac{2\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(2x+5y\right)}}{3}=24\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2\left(2x+5y\right)}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{6}+\dfrac{ab}{3}=24\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\\left(a+b\right)^2=144\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=12\\a+b=-12\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(a;b\right)=\left(8;4\right)\\\left(a;b\right)=\left(-4;-8\right)\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(2x+5y\right)=64\\2\left(x+y\right)=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow...\)
b.
Thế pt trên xuống dưới:
\(x^4+6y^4=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x^3+3y^3-2xy^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^3y-2x^2y^2-xy^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(2x^2-2xy-y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\\y=-\left(1+\sqrt{3}\right)x\\y=\left(-1+\sqrt{3}\right)x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu ...
Đề cho hơi xấu, nếu pt đầu là \(x^3+3y^3-2x^2y=1\) thì đẹp hơn nhiều
\(1,HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{y}-\dfrac{1}{x}\right)=0\\2y=x^3+1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=0\\2y=x^3+1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\2y=x^3+1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow2y=y^3+1\Leftrightarrow y^3-2y+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=0\\y=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\y=\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;0\right);\left(\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2};\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right);\left(\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{5}}{2};\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\)
\(2,HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+2\sqrt{xy}=16\\x+y+2\sqrt{xy}=16\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}=x+y\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}=4\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(4;4\right)\)
\(3,\text{Sửa: }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+3}+\left|y\right|=\sqrt{3}\left(1\right)\\\sqrt{y^2+5}+\left|x\right|=\sqrt{x^2+5}\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta thấy \(\sqrt{x^2+3}\ge\sqrt{3};\left|y\right|\ge0\Leftrightarrow VT\left(1\right)\ge\sqrt{3}=VP\left(1\right)\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=0\)
Thay vào \(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5}+0=\sqrt{5}\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;0\right)\)
\(S=\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(a-2\right)\left(b-3\right)}}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow S.\sqrt[3]{5}=\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{\left(a-2\right)\left(b-3\right).5}}{a+b}\)
\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{\left(a-2\right)+\left(b-3\right)+5}{3}}{a+b}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a+b}{3}}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow S\le\dfrac{1}{3}:\sqrt[3]{5}=\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{5}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a-2=b-3=5\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=7\\b=8\end{matrix}\right.\)