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a/ \(y=sin2x+\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)cos2x+sin^2x-cos^2x-1\)
\(=sin2x+\sqrt{3}cos2x-1=2sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)-1\)
Do \(-1\le sin\left(2x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\le1\Rightarrow-3\le y\le1\)
b/ \(y=2sin^2x-2cos^2x-3sinx.cosx-1\)
\(=-2cos2x-\frac{3}{2}sin2x-1=-\frac{5}{2}\left(\frac{3}{5}sinx+\frac{4}{5}cosx\right)-1\)
\(=-\frac{5}{2}sin\left(x+a\right)-1\Rightarrow-\frac{7}{2}\le y\le\frac{3}{2}\)
c/ \(y=1-sin2x+2cos2x+\frac{3}{2}sin2x=\frac{1}{2}sin2x+2cos2x+1\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{17}}sin2x+\frac{4}{\sqrt{17}}cos2x\right)+1=\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}sin\left(2x+a\right)+1\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}+1\le y\le\frac{\sqrt{17}}{2}+1\)
2.
$y=\sin ^4x+\cos ^4x=(\sin ^2x+\cos ^2x)^2-2\sin ^2x\cos ^2x$
$=1-\frac{1}{2}(2\sin x\cos x)^2=1-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x$
Vì: $0\leq \sin ^22x\leq 1$
$\Rightarrow 1\geq 1-\frac{1}{2}\sin ^22x\geq \frac{1}{2}$
Vậy $y_{\max}=1; y_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}$
3.
$0\leq |\sin x|\leq 1$
$\Rightarrow 3\geq 3-2|\sin x|\geq 1$
Vậy $y_{\min}=1; y_{\max}=3$
\(y=\sqrt{3}cos2x+2sinxcosx-2\)
\(=\sqrt{3}cos2x+sin2x-2\)
Ta có: \(\left|\sqrt{3}cos2x+sin2x\right|\le\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2+1^2}=2\)
Do đó \(-2\le\sqrt{3}cos2x+sin2x\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4\le\sqrt{3}cos2x+sin2x-2\le2\).
Ta có: \(\left|\sqrt{3}cosx-sinx\right|\le\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2+\left(-1\right)^2}=2\)
Do đó \(-2\le\sqrt{3}cosx-sinx\le2\)
Khi cho A td KOH thu được ancol đồng đẳng. => Các ancol là no đơn chức mạch hở.
Gọi CT các este: \(C_mH_{2m+1}COOC_{m'}H_{2m'+1};C_nH_{2n-1}COOC_{n'}H_{2n'-1};C_qH_{2q}\left(COOC_{q'}H_{2q'}\right)_2\)
TN2: Đốt hỗn hợp 3 muối.
Đặt \(n_{K_2CO_3}=x;n_{H_2O}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTNT.K\Rightarrow n_{COOK^-}=2n_{K_2CO_3}=2x\left(mol\right)\\ BTNT.O\Rightarrow2n_{COOK^-}+2n_{O_2}=3n_{K_2CO_3}+2n_{CO_2}+n_{H_2O}\\ \Rightarrow x-y=0,3\\ BTKL\Rightarrow m_{M'}+m_{O_2}=m_{K_2CO_3}+m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}\\ \Rightarrow138x+18y=99,9\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,675\\y=0,375\end{matrix}\right.\)
H2 muối gồm: \(C_mH_{2m+1}COOK\text{ }a\text{ }mol;C_nH_{2n-1}COOK\text{ }b\text{ }mol;C_qH_{2q}\left(COOK\right)_2\text{ }c\text{ }mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_A=a+b+c=0,85\\ BTNT.C\Rightarrow\left(m+1\right)a+\left(n+1\right)b+\left(q+2\right)c=n_{K_2CO_3}+n_{CO_2}=1,75\\ \Rightarrow ma+nb+qc=0,4\\ BTNT.K\Rightarrow a+b+2c=1,35\\ BTNT.H\Rightarrow\left(2m+1\right)a+\left(2n-1\right)b+2qc=2n_{H_2O}=0,75\\ \Rightarrow a-b=-0,05\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,2\\c=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow0,15m+0,2n+0,5q=0,4\)
Do \(m;q\ge0\Rightarrow n\le\frac{0,4}{0,2}=2\)
Mà \(n\ge2\Rightarrow n=2\Rightarrow m=q=0\)
\(\text{c) }y=2sin^2x+4\sqrt{3}sinx\cdot cosx+6cos^2x+1\\ =\left(1-cos2x\right)+2\sqrt{3}sin2x+3\left(cos2x+1\right)+1\\ =2cos2x+2\sqrt{3}sin2x+5\)
Đặt \(t=2cos2x+2\sqrt{3}sin2x\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2\le\left[2^2+\left(2\sqrt{3}\right)^2\right]\left(cos^22x+sin^22x\right)=16\\ \Rightarrow-4\le t\le4\\ \Rightarrow1\le y\le9\\ \)
Vậy \(Min\text{ }y=1\Leftrightarrow sin2x=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(Max\text{ }y=9\Leftrightarrow sin2x=\frac{1}{2}\)
b) Ta có:
\(y^2=\left(sinx\sqrt{cosx}+cosx\sqrt{sinx}\right)^2\le\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right).\left(sinx+cosx\right)\)
(Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2\le sinx+cosx\Leftrightarrow y^2\le\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\le\sqrt{2}\) (Do \(sin\alpha\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le\sqrt[4]{2}\)
Vậy max y = \(\sqrt[4]{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{cosx}}{sinx}=\dfrac{\sqrt{sinx}}{cosx}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\) (k\(\in\)Z)
Hàm số không có giá trị nhỏ nhất.
Đặt ẩn rồi xét sự biến thiên thôi
\(\cos x=t;t\in\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow y=t^2+t-1\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=\left(-1\right)^2-1-1=-1\)
\(f\left(1\right)=1+1-1=1\)
\(f\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{2}-1=-\frac{5}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y_{max}=f\left(1\right)=1\\y_{min}=f\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)=-\frac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tự xét dấu bằng nhó