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a) \(\lim \frac{{3n - 1}}{n} = \lim \frac{{n\left( {3 - \frac{1}{n}} \right)}}{n} = \lim \left( {3 - \frac{1}{n}} \right) = 3 - 0 = 3\)
b) \(\lim \frac{{\sqrt {{n^2} + 2} }}{n} = \lim \frac{{\sqrt {{n^2}\left( {1 + \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} \right)} }}{n} = \lim \frac{{n\sqrt {1 + \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} }}{n} = \lim \sqrt {1 + \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} = 1 + 0 = 1\)
c) \(\lim \frac{2}{{3n + 1}} = \lim \frac{2}{{n\left( {3 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}} = \lim \left( {\frac{2}{n}.\frac{1}{{3 + \frac{1}{n}}}} \right) = \lim \frac{2}{n}.\lim \frac{1}{{3 + \frac{1}{n}}} = 0.\frac{1}{{3 + 0}} = 0\)
d) \(\lim \frac{{\left( {n + 1} \right)\left( {2n + 2} \right)}}{{{n^2}}} = \lim \frac{{n\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right).2n\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}}{{{n^2}}} = \lim \frac{{2{n^2}{{\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}^2}}}{{{n^2}}}\)
\( = \lim 2{\left( {1 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)^2} = 2.{\left( {1 + 0} \right)^2} = 2\)
a) \(\lim \frac{{2{n^2} + 6n + 1}}{{8{n^2} + 5}} = \lim \frac{{{n^2}\left( {2 + \frac{6}{n} + \frac{1}{{{n^2}}}} \right)}}{{{n^2}\left( {8 + \frac{5}{{{n^2}}}} \right)}} = \lim \frac{{2 + \frac{6}{n} + \frac{1}{n}}}{{8 + \frac{5}{n}}} = \frac{2}{8} = \frac{1}{4}\)
b) \(\lim \frac{{4{n^2} - 3n + 1}}{{ - 3{n^3} + 6{n^2} - 2}} = \lim \frac{{{n^3}\left( {\frac{4}{n} - \frac{3}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{n^3}}}} \right)}}{{{n^3}\left( { - 3 + \frac{6}{n} - \frac{2}{{{n^3}}}} \right)}} = \lim \frac{{\frac{4}{n} - \frac{3}{{{n^2}}} + \frac{1}{{{n^3}}}}}{{ - 3 + \frac{6}{n} - \frac{2}{{{n^3}}}}} = \frac{{0 - 0 + 0}}{{ - 3 + 0 - 0}} = 0\).
c) \(\lim \frac{{\sqrt {4{n^2} - n + 3} }}{{8n - 5}} = \lim \frac{{n\sqrt {4 - \frac{1}{n} + \frac{3}{{{n^2}}}} }}{{n\left( {8 - \frac{5}{n}} \right)}} = \frac{{\sqrt {4 - 0 + 0} }}{{8 - 0}} = \frac{2}{8} = \frac{1}{4}\).
d) \(\lim \left( {4 - \frac{{{2^{{\rm{n}} + 1}}}}{{{3^{\rm{n}}}}}} \right) = \lim \left( {4 - 2 \cdot {{\left( {\frac{2}{3}} \right)}^{\rm{n}}}} \right) = 4 - 2.0 = 4\).
e) \(\lim \frac{{{{4.5}^{\rm{n}}} + {2^{{\rm{n}} + 2}}}}{{{{6.5}^{\rm{n}}}}} = \lim \frac{{{{4.5}^{\rm{n}}} + {2^2}{{.2}^{\rm{n}}}}}{{{{6.5}^{\rm{n}}}}} = \lim \frac{{{5^n}.\left[ {4 + 4.{{\left( {\frac{2}{5}} \right)}^{\rm{n}}}} \right]}}{{{{6.5}^n}}} = \lim \frac{{4 + 4.{{\left( {\frac{2}{5}} \right)}^{\rm{n}}}}}{6} = \frac{{4 + 4.0}}{6} = \frac{2}{3}\).
g) \(\lim \frac{{2 + \frac{4}{{{n^3}}}}}{{{6^{\rm{n}}}}} = \lim \left( {2 + \frac{4}{{{{\rm{n}}^3}}}} \right).\lim {\left( {\frac{1}{6}} \right)^{\rm{n}}} = \left( {2 + 0} \right).0 = 0\).
\(a=lim\frac{n^2+n}{6n^3}=lim\frac{\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^3}}{6}=\frac{0}{6}=0\)
\(b=lim\frac{1+\frac{2}{n}}{1+\frac{1}{n}}+lim\frac{sinn}{2^n}=1+0=1\)
Giải thích: \(-1\le sin\left(n\right)\le1\) \(\forall n\Rightarrow\frac{-1}{2^n}\le\frac{sin\left(n\right)}{2^n}\le\frac{1}{2^n}\)
Mà \(lim\frac{-1}{2^n}=lim\frac{1}{2^n}=0\Rightarrow lim\frac{sin\left(n\right)}{2^n}=0\) theo nguyên tắc giới hạn kẹp
\(c=lim\frac{-3n-1}{\sqrt{n^2-3n}+\sqrt{n^2+1}}=lim\frac{-3-\frac{1}{n}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{3}{n}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}}}=\frac{-3}{1+1}=-\frac{3}{2}\)
\(d=lim\frac{3n^2}{\sqrt[3]{\left(n^3+3n^2\right)^2}+n\sqrt[3]{n^3+3n^2}+n^2}=lim\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\frac{3}{n}\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{3}{n}}+1}=\frac{3}{1+1+1}=1\)
a) Cả tử số và mẫu số của \(\frac{7n^2-3n+12}{n^2+2n+2}\) đều dẫn đến \(\infty\) nên không thể trả lời ngay biểu thức đó tiến đến giới hạn nào (dạng vô định \(\left(\frac{\infty}{\infty}\right)\)). Tuy nhiên sau khi chia cả tử số và mẫu số cho \(n^2\) :
\(\frac{7n^2-3n+12}{n^2+2n+2}=\frac{7-\frac{3}{n}+\frac{12}{n^2}}{1+\frac{2}{n}+\frac{2}{n^2}}\)
Ta thấy ngay tử số gần đến 7 và mẫu số gần đến 1 (vì \(\lim\limits\frac{1}{n^p}=0,p\ge1\)
Điều đó cho phép ta áp dụng công thức và thu được kết quả \(\lim\limits\frac{7n^2-3n+12}{n^2+2n+2}=\lim\limits\frac{7-\frac{3}{n}+\frac{12}{n^2}}{1+\frac{2}{n}+\frac{2}{n^2}}=7\)
b) Áp dụng công thức "Nếu tồn tại \(\lim\limits a^n,k\in\)N* thì tồn tại \(\lim\limits\left(a_n\right)^k=\left(\lim\limits a_n\right)^k\)"
ta có :
\(\lim\limits a_n=\left[\lim\limits\left(\frac{3n^2+n-2}{4n^2+2n+7}\right)\right]^3\)
Mặt khác do \(\lim\limits\frac{3n^2+n-2}{4n^2+2n+7}=\lim\limits\frac{3+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{2}{n^2}}{4+\frac{2}{n}+\frac{7}{n^2}}=\frac{3}{4}\)
nên \(\lim\limits a_n=\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^3=\frac{27}{64}\)
a/ \(=lim\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\infty}=0\)
b/ \(=lim\frac{6n+1}{\sqrt{n^2+5n+1}+\sqrt{n^2-n}}=\frac{6+\frac{1}{n}}{\sqrt{1+\frac{5}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}+\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{n}}}=\frac{6}{1+1}=3\)
c/ \(=lim\frac{6n-9}{\sqrt{3n^2+2n-1}+\sqrt{3n^2-4n+8}}=lim\frac{6-\frac{9}{n}}{\sqrt{3+\frac{2}{n}-\frac{1}{n^2}}+\sqrt{3-\frac{4}{n}+\frac{8}{n^2}}}=\frac{6}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
d/ \(=lim\frac{\left(\frac{2}{6}\right)^n+1-4\left(\frac{4}{6}\right)^n}{\left(\frac{3}{6}\right)^n+6}=\frac{1}{6}\)
e/ \(=lim\frac{\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^n-\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^n+1}{\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^n+\left(\frac{4}{5}\right)^n-1}=\frac{1}{-1}=-1\)
f/ Ta có công thức:
\(1+3+...+\left(2n+1\right)^2=\left(n+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\frac{1+3+...+2n+1}{3n^2+4}=lim\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{3n^2+4}=lim\frac{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^2}{3+\frac{4}{n^2}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
g/ \(=lim\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=lim\left(1-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=1-0=1\)
h/ Ta có: \(1^2+2^2+...+n^2=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=lim\frac{2n+1}{6n+12}=lim\frac{2+\frac{1}{n}}{6+\frac{12}{n}}=\frac{2}{6}=\frac{1}{3}\)
a) \(\lim \frac{{ - 2n + 1}}{n} = \lim \frac{{n\left( { - 2 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}}{n} = \lim \left( { - 2 + \frac{1}{n}} \right) = - 2\)
b) \(\lim \frac{{\sqrt {16{n^2} - 2} }}{n} = \lim \frac{{\sqrt {{n^2}\left( {16 - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} \right)} }}{n} = \lim \frac{{n\sqrt {16 - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} }}{n} = \lim \sqrt {16 - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} = 4\)
c) \(\lim \frac{4}{{2n + 1}} = \lim \frac{4}{{n\left( {2 + \frac{1}{n}} \right)}} = \lim \left( {\frac{4}{n}.\frac{1}{{2 + \frac{1}{n}}}} \right) = \lim \frac{4}{n}.\lim \frac{1}{{2 + \frac{1}{n}}} = 0\)
d) \(\lim \frac{{{n^2} - 2n + 3}}{{2{n^2}}} = \lim \frac{{{n^2}\left( {1 - \frac{2}{n} + \frac{3}{{{n^2}}}} \right)}}{{2{n^2}}} = \lim \frac{{1 - \frac{2}{n} + \frac{3}{{{n^2}}}}}{2} = \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\lim\dfrac{n\sqrt{1+2+...+2n}}{3n^2+n-2}=\lim\dfrac{n\sqrt{\dfrac{2n\left(2n+1\right)}{2}}}{3n^2+n-2}=\lim\dfrac{\sqrt{2+\dfrac{1}{n}}}{3+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{2}{n^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
\(a=\lim4^n\left(1-\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^n\right)=+\infty.1=+\infty\)
\(b=\lim\left(4^n+2.2^n+1-4^n\right)=\lim2^n\left(2+\dfrac{1}{2^n}\right)=+\infty.2=+\infty\)
\(c=limn^3\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{n}-\dfrac{3}{n^4}+\dfrac{11}{n^6}}-1\right)=+\infty.\left(-1\right)=-\infty\)
\(d=\lim n\left(\sqrt{2+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}-\sqrt{3-\dfrac{1}{n^2}}\right)=+\infty\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)=-\infty\)
\(e=\lim\dfrac{3n\sqrt{n}+1}{\sqrt{n^2+3n\sqrt{n}+1}+n}=\lim\dfrac{3\sqrt{n}+\dfrac{1}{n}}{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{n}}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}+1}=\dfrac{+\infty}{2}=+\infty\)
\(a,lim\left(\sqrt{n^2+n+1}-n\right)\)
\(=lim\dfrac{n^2+n+1-n^2}{\sqrt{n^2+n+1}+n}\)
\(=lim\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{n}}{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}+1}=\dfrac{1}{1+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\lim\dfrac{\sqrt[]{n^3+2n}-2n^2}{3n+1}=\lim\dfrac{\sqrt[]{n+\dfrac{2}{n}}-2n}{3+\dfrac{1}{n}}=\lim\dfrac{n\left(\sqrt[]{\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{2}{n^3}}-2\right)}{3+\dfrac{1}{n}}\)
\(=\dfrac{+\infty\left(0-2\right)}{3}=-\infty\)
a) \(\lim\limits\dfrac{2n^2+3n}{n^2+1}=\lim\limits\dfrac{n^2\left(2+\dfrac{3n}{n^2}\right)}{n^2\left(1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)}=\lim\limits\dfrac{2+\dfrac{3}{n}}{1+\dfrac{1}{n^2}}=2\).
b) \(\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt{4n^2+3}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt{n^2\left(4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}\right)}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\dfrac{\sqrt[n]{4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}}}{n}\\ =\lim\limits\sqrt{4+\dfrac{3}{n^2}}\\ =2.\)